Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Department Neurosurgery, Ascension Providence Hospital, Michigan State College of Human Medicine, Southfield, Michigan, USA.
World Neurosurg. 2022 Nov;167:205-212.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.112. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
Surgical specialties struggle to recruit women. In this study, the authors performed a systematic review to describe progress of women in neurosurgery and highlight areas where further research is needed.
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were queried with "women in neurosurgery" OR "female neurosurgeon," and publications with empiric research were included. Bias was assessed on the basis of study designs.
We found 127 papers, and 36 met inclusion criteria. Much of this research is recent-85% has been published within the past 3 years. These papers detail differences between genders and examine possible causes, but they do not test interventions to remedy inequities. The authors designed an intervention focusing on medical students' perceptions of gender issues within neurosurgery. A seminar was designed with 2 objectives: inform medical students about changes within neurosurgery and introduce them to a female neurosurgery attending who could serve as a potential future mentor. Student attitudes were assessed before and after the seminar by survey. Fourteen students completed both surveys: 10 females and 4 males.
The 1-hour seminar significantly reduced the mean perceived difficulty to enter neurosurgery from 4.4 to 4.1 (P = 0.014); additionally, the mean perceived additional difficulty for career advancement faced by women in neurosurgery decreased from 3.6 to 2.8 (P = 0.026). Much research has gone into documenting the advancement and potential impediments for women in neurosurgery. Less research has tested solutions. Our pilot was small and susceptible to bias, but given that some results achieved significance, it merits more rigorous study.
外科专业在招聘女性方面存在困难。在这项研究中，作者进行了系统回顾，以描述女性在神经外科领域的进展，并强调需要进一步研究的领域。
通过“女性神经外科医生”或“女性神经外科医生”在 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane Library 中进行检索，并纳入了具有实证研究的出版物。根据研究设计评估偏倚。
我们发现了 127 篇论文，其中 36 篇符合纳入标准。这项研究的大部分是最近的-85%是在过去 3 年内发表的。这些论文详细描述了性别差异，并探讨了可能的原因，但它们没有测试干预措施来纠正不平等。作者设计了一项干预措施，重点关注医学生对神经外科性别问题的看法。设计了一个研讨会，有两个目标：让医学生了解神经外科内部的变化，并向他们介绍一位女性神经外科主治医生，她可以成为潜在的未来导师。通过问卷调查，在研讨会前后评估学生的态度。有 14 名学生完成了两份调查：10 名女性和 4 名男性。
该 1 小时研讨会显著降低了医学生对进入神经外科的平均感知难度，从 4.4 降至 4.1（P=0.014）；此外，神经外科女性职业发展面临的平均感知额外困难从 3.6 降至 2.8（P=0.026）。大量研究致力于记录女性在神经外科领域的进步和潜在障碍。较少的研究测试了解决方案。我们的试点规模较小，容易受到偏见的影响，但鉴于一些结果具有显著性，值得更严格的研究。
