Biomed Environ Sci. 2022 Jul 20;35(7):573-603. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.079.
In 2019, cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths in rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in China. The number of patients suffering from stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million, 11.39 million, 8.90 million, 5.00 million, 4.87 million, 2.50 million, 2.00 million, 45.30 million, and 245.00 million, respectively. Given that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors, the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase, which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in China. It is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention, increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care, and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence, re-hospitalization and disability in CVD survivors. The number of people suffering from hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of millions. Since blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously, vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this population. Hence, more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention, treatment, and research of early pathological changes.
2019 年，心血管疾病（CVD）分别占农村和城市地区所有死亡人数的 46.74%和 44.26%。每五例死亡中就有两例是由于 CVD 导致的。据估计，中国有大约 3.3 亿 CVD 患者。中国患脑卒中、冠心病、心力衰竭、肺源性心脏病、心房颤动、风湿性心脏病、先天性心脏病、下肢动脉疾病和高血压的患者人数分别为 1300 万、1139 万、890 万、500 万、487 万、250 万、200 万、4530 万和 2.45 亿。鉴于中国面临人口老龄化和代谢危险因素流行率稳步上升的双重压力，CVD 带来的负担将继续增加，这对中国 CVD 预防和治疗以及医疗资源配置提出了新的要求。通过初级预防降低 CVD 患病率，增加 CVD 急症和重症医疗资源配置，为 CVD 幸存者提供康复服务和二级预防，以降低 CVD 复发、再住院和残疾风险，这一点非常重要。中国患高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病的人数已达数亿。由于血压、血脂和血糖水平大多是悄然升高的，在这些人群中检测到的时候，血管疾病甚至严重事件（如心肌梗死和中风）往往已经发生了。因此，应采取更多策略和任务来预防高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、肥胖和吸烟等危险因素，并在心血管健康状况评估以及心血管早期病理变化的预防、治疗和研究方面加大力度。
