1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Medicine, Universtiy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cephalalgia. 2022 Nov;42(13):1409-1419. doi: 10.1177/03331024221118917. Epub 2022 Aug 9.
Visual Snow Syndrome is a recently recognized neurological condition presenting, continuous, tiny dots across the entire visual field, accompanied by nyctalopia, photophobia and palinopsia that persist for months. It may be part of migraine aura spectrum, yet its definition is still questionable. Diagnostic criteria for Visual Snow Syndrome are included in the supplemental material of ICHD-3. We aimed to summarize recent data to improve the understanding of Visual Snow Syndrome.
After presenting four new cases, we conducted a PRISMA systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases using the keyword "visual snow" with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
From the 855 articles identified 30 were included for the qualitative analysis. These reports covered five aspects related to Visual Snow Syndrome: epidemiology, clinical features, comorbidities, pathophysiology, and treatment. We found limited data concerning Visual Snow Syndrome's epidemiology (one study). Clinical presentation (22 articles) and the comorbidities (migraine with aura and tinnitus most often, five reports) are described in detail. The pathophysiology of Visual Snow Syndrome is only approached with hypotheses, but several neuroimaging studies have been identified (seven articles). Treatment is based on single case reports only.
Data for Visual Snow Syndrome are few and not strong enough to support Visual Snow Syndrome as a medical identity. Further investigation is needed.
视觉雪综合征是一种新近被认识的神经系统疾病，表现为整个视野中连续出现细小的点，伴有夜间视力下降、畏光和后像持续数月。它可能是偏头痛先兆光谱的一部分，但它的定义仍存在疑问。视觉雪综合征的诊断标准包含在 ICHD-3 的补充材料中。我们旨在总结最新数据，以提高对视觉雪综合征的认识。
在介绍了四个新病例后，我们使用关键词“visual snow”在 PubMed/MEDLINE 和 Embase 数据库中进行了 PRISMA 系统搜索，并使用了特定的纳入和排除标准。
从 855 篇文章中，有 30 篇文章被纳入定性分析。这些报告涵盖了视觉雪综合征的五个方面：流行病学、临床特征、共病、病理生理学和治疗。我们发现关于视觉雪综合征流行病学的资料有限（一项研究）。临床表现（22 篇文章）和共病（偏头痛伴先兆和耳鸣最常见，有 5 篇报告）有详细描述。视觉雪综合征的病理生理学仅通过假说来探讨，但已确定了几项神经影像学研究（7 篇文章）。治疗仅基于个案报告。
视觉雪综合征的数据很少，不足以支持将其作为一种医学实体。需要进一步的研究。
