Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(2):3527-3548. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21861-z. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
In first, the Ni-doped ZnO nanorods used as an appeal sonocatalyst was synthesized through co-precipitation method. Afterwards, the crystalline structure, functional groups, surface morphology, and elemental composition were characterized by a set of analysis. Removal of diazinon ((DZ) as a renowned pesticide) was investigated using sonocatalytic performance of US/Ni-doped ZnO system. In this empirical study, response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD) was applied for optimization of operational factors. Under the optimum conditions such as initial pH = 5, initial DZ concentration = 15 mg L, sonocatalyst dosage = 1 g L, and in the presence of organic compounds (oxalic acid, humic acid, and folic acid) = 3 mg L, the sonocatalytic degradation of DZ after 15 min was 82.29%. The F-value (6.64) and P-value (< 0.0001) for DZ degradation in the quadratic model imply the proposed model was significant. A-factor (pH) considers as a prominent factor owing to having the highest F-value. In addition, the sonocatalytic data in this study exhibited valid fitting for the first order kinetic model (R > 0.98). After six consecutive cycles, the Ni-doped ZnO nanorods could be recyclable for sonocatalytic degradation of DZ. The five main compounds produced during the US/Ni-doped ZnO embracing 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMP), diethyl phosphonate, diazoxon, hydroxyldiazinon, and diazinon methyl ketone are formed in the path of DZ degradation. OFAT style also revealed 99.99% of DZ degradation with 73.26% of mineralization rate in optimum status. The Ni-doped ZnO presented agreeable sonocatalytic facility in the refinement of real water and wastewater matrix. Finally, the results of toxicity evaluation (Daphnia magna) in the sonocatalytic degradation of DZ (by US/Ni-doped ZnO system) showed that the toxicity of the DZ solution lessened under US waves (LC and TU 48 h equal to 36.472 and 2.741 volume percent, respectively).
首先，通过共沉淀法合成了作为超声催化剂的掺镍氧化锌纳米棒。随后，通过一系列分析对其晶体结构、官能团、表面形态和元素组成进行了表征。采用超声催化性能的 US/Ni-掺杂 ZnO 体系研究了敌百虫（一种著名的农药）的去除情况。在本实验研究中，采用基于响应面法（RSM）的中心复合设计（CCD）对操作因素进行了优化。在最佳条件下，初始 pH=5，初始敌百虫浓度=15mg/L，超声催化剂用量=1g/L，在有机化合物（草酸、腐殖酸和叶酸）存在下=3mg/L，超声 15min 后敌百虫的降解率为 82.29%。二次模型中 DZ 降解的 F 值（6.64）和 P 值（<0.0001）表明所提出的模型具有显著性。A 因子（pH）是一个重要因素，因为它具有最高的 F 值。此外，本研究中的超声催化数据对一级动力学模型（R>0.98）具有有效拟合。六次连续循环后，掺镍氧化锌纳米棒可用于超声催化降解敌百虫。在敌百虫降解过程中形成了 5 种主要化合物，包括 2-异丙基-6-甲基-4-嘧啶醇（IMP）、二乙基膦酸酯、敌敌畏、羟基敌百虫和敌百虫甲基酮。OFAT 法也在最佳条件下实现了 99.99%的敌百虫降解和 73.26%的矿化率。掺镍氧化锌在精制实际水和废水基质方面表现出良好的超声催化性能。最后，敌百虫超声降解（通过 US/Ni-掺杂 ZnO 体系）的毒性评价（大型溞）结果表明，在 US 波作用下敌百虫溶液的毒性降低（LC 和 TU 48h 分别为 36.472%和 2.741%）。
