Institute of Asian and Transcultural Studies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2024 Mar;48(1):136-157. doi: 10.1007/s11013-022-09787-0. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Mental disorders or altered psychological states are prevalent in all populations, regardless of race or ethnic origin, while at the same time, culture also shapes the conceptions of mental disorders. Religion is deeply rooted in the daily life of the Muslim-majority countries, while Arab countries are affected by an ongoing modernization. Thus, how does the traditional religious conception of mental disorders interact with Western psychological conceptions in contemporary Arab-Muslim society? This study explores the conceptions of mental disorders and their causes among Muslims in contemporary Jordan. By employing cognitive anthropological method (free listing), forty participants were asked to provide three lists of (a) typical names of mental disorders, (b) causes of mental disorders and (c) determining features of mental disorders. Collected qualitative data have been quantitatively analysed and interpreted in the context of relevant ethnographic and interview data. While Western terms of mental disorders are well known among young and educated Jordanians, the study demonstrates that Jordanians employ cultural and religious notions alongside. This co-existence of different conceptions confirms an importance of Islamic notion in the modern rendering of mental health. As a result, despite rapid modernization, mental health is still highly stigmatized.
精神障碍或心理状态改变在所有人群中都很普遍，无论其种族或族裔如何，同时，文化也塑造了精神障碍的概念。宗教在穆斯林占多数的国家的日常生活中根深蒂固，而阿拉伯国家则受到持续现代化的影响。因此，传统的宗教精神障碍观念如何与当代阿拉伯-穆斯林社会中的西方心理观念相互作用？本研究探讨了当代约旦穆斯林的精神障碍观念及其原因。通过采用认知人类学方法（自由列举），要求四十名参与者提供三份清单：（a）精神障碍的典型名称；（b）精神障碍的原因；（c）精神障碍的确定特征。收集到的定性数据已在相关民族志和访谈数据的背景下进行了定量分析和解释。虽然西方的精神障碍术语在年轻和受过教育的约旦人中广为人知，但研究表明，约旦人还同时使用文化和宗教观念。这种不同观念的共存证实了伊斯兰教观念在现代心理健康中的重要性。因此，尽管现代化进程迅速，但精神健康仍然受到高度污名化。
