Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
J Med Food. 2022 Nov;25(11):1059-1065. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0016. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
This study evaluated the effects of long-term intake of nutritive sweeteners (NSs) and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on body weight, food and energy intake, blood pressure, metabolic parameters, and memory retention in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups ( = 10 per group): control (water),10% sucrose (SUC), aspartame (ASP), sucralose (SCA), stevia (STV), and 5% xylitol (XYL). Pure NSs (SUC and XYL) and NNSs were added to the drinking water for 18 weeks. ASP, SCA, and STV dosage was based on the estimated daily intake limit: 4.1, 2.0, and 3.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. Chronic access to NNSs did not result in any difference in total weight gain of the rats, while it was significantly elevated in the SUC group compared with the control and NNSs groups. Food intake was significantly lower in all NNSs groups compared with SUC and control groups. Sweetened beverage intake volumes were significantly diminished in all NNSs groups compared with intake in SUC and control groups. Total calories consumed were lower for the STV and XYL groups compared with all other groups. Blood pressure and glucose metabolism did not differ significantly between the groups. All sweeteners increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. Short-term memory was significantly impaired in the ASP group in the novel object recognition task, while long-term memory was impaired in SUC and STV groups. These metabolic and behavioral results suggest that the long-term intake of NSs or NNSs can be associated with peripheral and central effects.
这项研究评估了长期摄入营养性甜味剂 (NSs) 和非营养性甜味剂 (NNSs) 对大鼠体重、食物和能量摄入、血压、代谢参数以及记忆保留的影响。60 只雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠被随机分为六组（每组 10 只）：对照组（水）、10%蔗糖 (SUC)、阿斯巴甜 (ASP)、三氯蔗糖 (SCA)、甜菊糖 (STV) 和 5%木糖醇 (XYL)。纯 NSs (SUC 和 XYL) 和 NNSs 被添加到饮用水中 18 周。ASP、SCA 和 STV 的剂量基于估计的每日摄入量限制：分别为 4.1、2.0 和 3.4 mg/kg/天。慢性摄入 NNSs 不会导致大鼠总增重出现任何差异，而 SUC 组与对照组和 NNSs 组相比，体重显著增加。与 SUC 和对照组相比，所有 NNSs 组的食物摄入量均显著降低。与 SUC 和对照组相比，所有 NNSs 组的甜味饮料摄入量均显著减少。与所有其他组相比，STV 和 XYL 组消耗的总卡路里较低。各组间血压和葡萄糖代谢无显著差异。所有甜味剂均使总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平升高。在新物体识别任务中，ASP 组的短期记忆明显受损，而 SUC 和 STV 组的长期记忆受损。这些代谢和行为结果表明，长期摄入 NSs 或 NNSs 可能与外周和中枢效应有关。
