Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China.
Department of Radiology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Aug 11;20(1):371. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01586-4.
Colorectal cancer is considered one of the major malignancies that threaten the lives and health of people around the world. Patients with CRC are prone to post-operative local recurrence or metastasis, and some patients are advanced at the time of diagnosis and have no chance for complete surgical resection. These factors make chemotherapy an indispensable and important tool in treating CRC. However, the complex composition of the tumor microenvironment and the interaction of cellular and interstitial components constitute a tumor tissue with high cell density, dense extracellular matrix, and high osmotic pressure, inevitably preventing chemotherapeutic drugs from entering and acting on tumor cells. As a result, a novel drug carrier system with targeted nanoparticles has been applied to tumor therapy. It can change the physicochemical properties of drugs, facilitate the crossing of drug molecules through physiological and pathological tissue barriers, and increase the local concentration of nanomedicines at lesion sites. In addition to improving drug efficacy, targeted nanoparticles also reduce side effects, enabling safer and more effective disease diagnosis and treatment and improving bioavailability. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which infiltrating cells and other stromal components of the tumor microenvironment comprise barriers to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. The research and application of targeted nanoparticles in CRC treatment are also classified.
结直肠癌被认为是威胁全世界人民生命和健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一。CRC 患者易发生术后局部复发或转移，部分患者在诊断时已处于晚期，无机会行完全手术切除。这些因素使得化疗成为治疗 CRC 不可或缺的重要手段。然而，肿瘤微环境的复杂组成以及细胞和间质成分的相互作用构成了细胞密度高、细胞外基质密集、渗透压高的肿瘤组织，不可避免地阻止了化疗药物进入并作用于肿瘤细胞。因此，具有靶向纳米颗粒的新型药物载体系统已应用于肿瘤治疗。它可以改变药物的物理化学性质，促进药物分子穿过生理和病理组织屏障，增加病变部位纳米药物的局部浓度。除了提高药效外，靶向纳米粒还可以减少副作用，使疾病诊断和治疗更加安全有效，提高生物利用度。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肿瘤微环境中的浸润细胞和其他基质成分构成结直肠癌化疗屏障的机制。还对靶向纳米粒在 CRC 治疗中的研究和应用进行了分类。
