Center for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 27;19(15):9194. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159194.
Low fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, sedentary behavior, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking are risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases. This study describes the patterns and factors of nutrition (F&V and alcohol intake), physical activity (PA), obesity, and other chronic diseases of 10,053 adult farmers (52.7% female) in Austria, based on the cross-sectional survey from the Austrian Social Insurance Institution for the Self-Employed and compared with the results of the general Austrian population from 2019 (n = 14,606; 53.7% female). Compared to the general Austrian population, farmers showed a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (42.8% vs. 36.5%; 18.8% vs. 17.1%), as well as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, farmers ate less F&V (0 servings/day 39.7% vs. 14.0%; 1−4 servings/day 55.5% vs. 80.8%) and only 4.8% vs. 5.1% (p < 0.001) fulfilled the F&V recommendations. Lower participation in endurance training (38.3% vs. 52.1%) was found, whereas farmers did more strength training (64.1% vs. 27.6%). Those who failed to fulfill the PA recommendations reported worse health status (OR: 3.14; 95%-CI: 2.08−4.76) and a higher chance for obesity (OR: 1.68; 95%-CI: 1.38−2.05). Since obesity rates among farmers are high and recommendations have rarely been met, every opportunity should be taken to promote healthy eating and adequate PA.
低水果和蔬菜（F&V）摄入、久坐行为、过量饮酒和吸烟是导致非传染性疾病发展的风险因素。本研究基于对奥地利个体劳动者社会保险机构的横断面调查，描述了 10053 名成年农民（52.7%为女性）的营养（F&V 和酒精摄入）、身体活动（PA）、肥胖和其他慢性病的模式和因素，并将其与 2019 年奥地利普通人群的结果进行了比较（n=14606；53.7%为女性）。与普通奥地利人群相比，农民超重和肥胖的患病率较高（42.8%比 36.5%；18.8%比 17.1%），且高血压、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病的患病率也较高。此外，农民摄入的 F&V 较少（0 份/天 39.7%比 14.0%；1-4 份/天 55.5%比 80.8%），只有 4.8%比 5.1%（p<0.001）符合 F&V 推荐量。耐力训练的参与率较低（38.3%比 52.1%），而农民进行的力量训练较多（64.1%比 27.6%）。那些未能达到 PA 推荐量的人报告称健康状况更差（OR：3.14；95%CI：2.08-4.76），肥胖的可能性更高（OR：1.68；95%CI：1.38-2.05）。由于农民的肥胖率较高且很少达到推荐量，因此应抓住一切机会促进健康饮食和充足的 PA。
