College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
School of Economics and Management, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 1;19(15):9431. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159431.
Improvement in pesticide application and efficiency structure has long been recognized as having great significance in reducing pollution, ensuring food safety, and promoting green agricultural development. Based on theoretical analysis, using the survey data of 766 farmers in key tea areas in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces in China, the study empirically analyzes the influence of market incentives and livelihood dependence on farmers' multi-stage pesticide application behavior. More specifically, the study employed ordered probit analysis to craft its findings. The dependent variable of this study is the multi-stage pesticide application problem of farmers, and the core independent variables are market incentives and livelihood dependence, and the judgment is based on the core variable coefficients of the econometric model of farmers at each stage. The study found the following: (i) Market incentives significantly prompted some farmers to give up synthetic pesticide application and farmers tend to choose green pesticides in the type of pesticide application. (ii) Livelihood dependence meant that the proportion of tea income significantly prompts farmers to apply pesticides, and also creates a tendency for farmers to choose green and low-toxic pesticides in the type of pesticide application. The planting period tends to have a moderate impact on applying green and low-toxic pesticides. (iii) The interaction term of market incentives and the proportion of tea income has no significant impact on farmers' multi-stage pesticide application behavior. The interaction term of market incentives and planting years has impacted negatively on whether farmers apply pesticides, and has no significant impact on farmers' choice of pesticide application types, but makes farmers increase the amount of green and low-toxic pesticides. (iv) The education level of the household head significantly promotes farmers to choose green and low-toxic pesticides. Seemingly, the brand effect of pesticides significantly encourages farmers to choose green and low-toxic pesticides. In external support, technical training significantly encourages farmers to choose green and low-toxic pesticides. Furthermore, better infrastructure and local market conditions significantly encourage farmers to reduce the use of conventional pesticides.
提高农药的使用效率和结构，一直以来都被认为对于减少污染、确保食品安全和促进绿色农业发展具有重要意义。基于理论分析，利用中国陕西、四川、浙江和安徽四个重点茶叶产区的 766 户茶农调查数据，实证分析了市场激励和生计依赖对农户多阶段农药施用行为的影响。具体而言，采用有序概率分析进行实证研究。本研究的因变量是农户的多阶段农药施用问题，核心自变量是市场激励和生计依赖，判断依据是计量农户各阶段模型的核心变量系数。研究发现：（i）市场激励显著促使部分农户放弃合成农药施用，且农户在农药施用类型上倾向于选择绿色农药；（ii）生计依赖意味着茶叶收入比例显著促使农户施用农药，且在农药施用类型上也会产生选择绿色低毒农药的倾向，种植年限对施用绿色低毒农药有适度影响；（iii）市场激励与茶叶收入比例的交互项对农户多阶段农药施用行为没有显著影响，市场激励与种植年限的交互项对农户是否施用农药有负向影响，对农户选择农药施用类型没有显著影响，但使农户增加绿色低毒农药用量；（iv）户主受教育水平显著促进农户选择绿色低毒农药，农药品牌效应似乎显著鼓励农户选择绿色低毒农药，在外部支持方面，技术培训显著鼓励农户选择绿色低毒农药，基础设施和当地市场条件较好也显著鼓励农户减少常规农药的使用。
