Brown D
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1987 Apr;13(2):139-47. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(87)90001-7.
Modern colorants use a variety of chromophoric groups which in turn, may carry a wide range of substituents, both to influence the color, and to provide the required properties for dyeing particular substrates. Thus, there are many thousands of different substances used as commercial colorants. Further, the introduction of new structures to meet particular demands for shade and application is still in an area of major innovative activity. However, in general, individual products have a relatively low sales volume and the strategy which has been developed to assess the effect of dyestuffs (water-soluble, or water-dispersible, colorants) in the environment must necessarily be different from that appropriate for, say, pesticides. The paper discusses this strategy and shows how a "base set" package of data, the concept of which was developed by the colorant industry some years ahead of the "6th Amendment" Directive, may be used to assess the possible effects of a specific dyestuff when discharged in an aqueous effluent. As a second part of the strategy, the paper addresses more general questions relating to the ultimate fate of dyestuffs when discharged in aqueous effluents and in particular considers their most likely environmental distribution, their potential for bioaccumulation, and their biodegradability.
现代着色剂使用各种各样的发色团，这些发色团又可能带有广泛的取代基，既用于影响颜色，也用于为特定底物染色提供所需特性。因此，有成千上万种不同的物质用作商业着色剂。此外，引入新结构以满足对色泽和应用的特定需求仍处于主要创新活动领域。然而，一般来说，单个产品的销量相对较低，并且为评估染料（水溶性或水分散性着色剂）在环境中的影响而制定的策略必然与适用于农药等的策略不同。本文讨论了该策略，并展示了一套“基础数据集”，其概念是由着色剂行业在“第六修正案”指令出台的几年前就已提出的，如何可用于评估特定染料排放到废水时可能产生的影响。作为该策略的第二部分，本文探讨了与染料排放到废水时的最终归宿相关的更一般性问题，尤其考虑了它们最可能的环境分布、生物累积潜力以及生物降解性。
