Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 7;19(15):9728. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159728.
The commodification of healthcare and the structural violence towards the migrant population in the Chilean system materialize in a series of structural barriers to accessing healthcare. In the face of this structural vulnerability, cross-border health mobility is one of the primary resources of indigenous border migrants living in the Tarapacá region (Chile). This involves crossing the border of both people (specialists/patients) and objects (such as ritual supplies or biomedicines), which play a crucial role as, in many cases, it is the only way to satisfy their healthcare needs. The security-orientated geopolitics of border closure (Plan Frontera Segura) has been reinforced by immobility policies linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. While doing so leaves people without the fundamental resource of healthcare mobility or obliges them to cross the border via unauthorized crossings, exposing them to criminalization and abuse by different agents of violence (the military, people smugglers, etc.). In this paper, we will offer a description of these processes of (im)mobility, analyzing their conformation both by the current policies of the Chilean State and by the notorious deficiency in indigenous and migrant rights, denouncing the material impact they have on the health/illness/care process of indigenous migrants.
医疗保健的商品化和智利体系中对移民人口的结构性暴力，导致了一系列获得医疗保健的结构性障碍。面对这种结构性脆弱，跨境卫生流动是生活在智利塔拉帕卡地区的土著边境移民的主要资源之一。这涉及到人员（专家/患者）和物品（如仪式用品或生物医学）的跨境流动，这些流动在许多情况下起着至关重要的作用，因为这是满足他们医疗保健需求的唯一途径。边境关闭的安全导向地缘政治（安全边境计划）因与 COVID-19 大流行相关的非流动性政策而得到加强。这样做使人们无法获得医疗保健流动性的基本资源，或者迫使他们通过未经授权的过境点过境，使他们面临不同暴力行为者（军队、人口走私者等）的定罪和虐待。在本文中，我们将描述这些（非）流动性过程，并分析它们既是由智利国家当前政策，也是由臭名昭著的土著和移民权利缺失所构成的，谴责它们对土著移民的健康/疾病/护理过程所产生的物质影响。
