Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Psychol Health Med. 2022 Jan-Dec;27(sup1):167-180. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2108083. Epub 2022 Aug 12.
Adolescence is a crucial phase in life, when foundations are established for future health . Therefore, supporting adolescents is necessary to meet the sustainable development goals by 2030. Evidence on the intergenerational transmission of poverty, education and violence suggests that to improve adolescents' well-being, the broader context in which they grow up needs to be understood when developing programmes and approaches to improve their lives. Our study explored intergenerational factors and early childhood influences on adolescent education, employment and parenthood, using the fourth wave of the MAISHA longitudinal study. This study took place in 2016-2021 among 986 adult women in Mwanza, Tanzania, including questions answered by the women on their adolescent's (aged 13-18) education, employment and parenthood, as well as their participation in early childhood programmes, education attainment and other socio-economic variables. Among the 577 mothers in our analysis who had adolescents living in their households, 32% reported that their adolescents did not attend secondary school, 11% were employed, 4% were pregnant or parents. For adolescents in secondary school, 15% ever failed a grade and 10% missed school more than 2 weeks in the last term. Grandparents' not having secondary education was significantly associated with adolescents not attending secondary education and being employed. Living in a female-headed household and mother's experience of intimate partner violence was associated with adolescent early employment. Early childhood influences showed no impact on any outcome in the multivariate analysis. Overall, we report a strong intergenerational impact of education on adolescent outcomes, suggesting the adoption of a strong policy focus on the provision of secondary education for both men and women due to its long-lasting effect. Interventions aimed at improving adolescent outcomes need to be long-term and invest in whole family poverty reduction measures.
青春期是人生的关键阶段，为未来的健康奠定基础。因此，支持青少年是必要的，以实现 2030 年可持续发展目标。关于贫困、教育和暴力的代际传递的证据表明，为了改善青少年的福祉，需要在制定方案和方法来改善他们的生活时，了解他们成长的更广泛背景。我们的研究使用 MAISHA 纵向研究的第四波数据，探讨了代际因素和儿童早期对青少年教育、就业和为人父母的影响。这项研究于 2016 年至 2021 年在坦桑尼亚姆万扎的 986 名成年女性中进行，包括女性回答的关于其青少年（年龄在 13-18 岁之间）的教育、就业和为人父母的问题，以及她们参与儿童早期方案、教育程度和其他社会经济变量。在我们分析的 577 名有青少年居住在其家中的母亲中，32%的人报告说她们的青少年没有上中学，11%的人就业，4%的人怀孕或为人父母。在中学就读的青少年中，15%的人曾经留级，10%的人在上学期中缺课超过 2 周。祖父母没有接受过中等教育与青少年不上中学和就业显著相关。居住在女性户主家庭中和母亲经历亲密伴侣暴力与青少年早期就业有关。儿童早期的影响在多变量分析中对任何结果都没有影响。总的来说，我们报告了教育对青少年结果的强烈代际影响，这表明由于其持久的影响，应采取强有力的政策重点，为男性和女性提供中等教育。旨在改善青少年结果的干预措施需要是长期的，并投资于整个家庭的减贫措施。
