一项关于与挪威奶牛场奶牛digital dermatitis 相关因素的病例对照研究。
A case-control study regarding factors associated with digital dermatitis in Norwegian dairy herds.
机构信息
Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
Animalia, Økern, P.O. Box 396, 0513, Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
Acta Vet Scand. 2022 Aug 13;64(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s13028-022-00635-0.
BACKGROUND
Digital dermatitis (DD) is a contagious bovine foot disease causing painful lesions, lameness, and reduced animal welfare. Previous studies indicate a complex aetiology of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare DD negative and DD positive herds to identify factors associated with DD in Norwegian dairy herds by analysing data obtained in a questionnaire and data recorded in the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System (NDHRS). The questionnaire was e-mailed to the owners of all 380 herds recorded with DD in 2019 and to 1530 randomly selected herds with no recordings of DD. Altogether 559 dairy herds were included in the final study population, of which 113 was classified as DD positive (≥ one cow recorded with DD in NDHRS) and 446 as DD negative. When stratified by housing system, the ratio between DD positive and negative herds was 108/281 in free stalls and 5/165 in tie stalls. Multilevel logistic regression was used to model the association between potential risk factors and variables related to the detection and diagnosis of DD, and the outcome in the free-stall population. Geographical area (county) was included in the model as a random effect.
RESULTS
In the final study population 108/113 (96%) of the DD positive herds were housed in free stalls versus 5/113 (4%) in tie stalls. The free-stall herds' DD status was associated with purchase of cattle during the last 5 years (baseline: 0 animals, OR = 2.30 for category 12-27 animals, OR = 4.34 for 28-52 animals, and OR = 5.39 for ≥ 53 animals). The DD status was also associated with claw trimming frequency (Baseline: 1 < 2/year, OR = 0.41 for category < 1/year, and OR = 4.09 for ≥ 3/year), whether the claw trimming was done by a certified professional trimmer or not (baseline: ≤ 90% of the cows, OR = 3.98 for category ≥ 90% of the cows), cleaning of feet in the chute before trimming (baseline: no cleaning, OR = 1.98 for category cleaning), and alley flooring (baseline: slatted floor, OR = 2.36 for category solid floor).
CONCLUSIONS
Digital dermatitis was far more frequent in Norwegian dairy herds housed in free stalls versus those housed in tie stalls. In the free-stall herds purchase of cattle, increasing trimming frequency, use of certified professional trimmer, cleaning of the feet in the chute, and solid flooring in the alleys were associated with increased odds of recorded DD.
背景
数字性皮炎（DD）是一种传染性牛脚部疾病，会导致疼痛性病变、跛行和动物福利降低。先前的研究表明，该病的病因较为复杂。本研究旨在通过分析问卷调查和挪威奶牛 herd 记录系统（NDHRS）中记录的数据，比较 DD 阴性和 DD 阳性 herd，以确定与挪威奶牛 herd 中 DD 相关的因素。问卷调查通过电子邮件发送给 2019 年记录的所有 380 个 DD 阳性 herd 的所有者，以及随机选择的 1530 个无 DD 记录的 herd。共有 559 个 herd 被纳入最终的研究人群，其中 113 个 herd 被归类为 DD 阳性（NDHRS 中至少有一头 cow 记录为 DD），446 个 herd 为 DD 阴性。按畜舍系统分层，自由畜栏中 DD 阳性 herd 与阴性 herd 的比例为 108/281，系留畜栏中为 5/165。多水平逻辑回归用于对潜在风险因素与与 DD 的检测和诊断相关的变量之间的关联进行建模，并对自由畜栏 herd 进行了建模。地理区域（县）被包含在模型中作为随机效应。
结果
在最终的研究人群中，108/113（96%）的 DD 阳性 herd 被安置在自由畜栏中，而 113 个中的 5 个（4%）被安置在系留畜栏中。自由畜栏 herd 的 DD 状态与过去 5 年内购买的牲畜有关（基线：0 头动物，类别 12-27 头动物的 OR=2.30，类别 28-52 头动物的 OR=4.34，类别 ≥ 53 头动物的 OR=5.39）。DD 状态还与修蹄频率有关（基线：1<2/年，类别 <1/年的 OR=0.41，类别 ≥3/年的 OR=4.09），是否由经过认证的专业修剪工进行修蹄（基线： ≤90%的 cow，类别 ≥90%的 cow 的 OR=3.98），在修剪前是否对畜栏中的蹄子进行清洁（基线：无清洁，类别 清洁的 OR=1.98），以及畜栏地板（基线：格栅地板，类别 实心地板的 OR=2.36）。
结论
与系留畜栏 herd 相比，在挪威自由畜栏 herd 中，DD 的发病率要高得多。在自由畜栏 herd 中，购买牲畜、增加修剪频率、使用经过认证的专业修剪工、畜栏中蹄子的清洁以及畜栏中使用实心地板与记录的 DD 发病率增加有关。
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