Shapouri Soheil
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602 USA.
Evol Psychol Sci. 2023;9(1):82-89. doi: 10.1007/s40806-022-00335-y. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Among four proposed origins of individualism-collectivism, modernization theory, rice versus wheat theory, climato-economic theory, and pathogen stress theory, the latter has gained more attention in cross-cultural and evolutionary psychology. Since the parasite stress theory of values and sociality makes a connection between infectious diseases and cultural orientations, it gained even more popularity during the COVID pandemic. But despite extensive research on parasite stress theory, it is not still clear what kind of infectious disease contributes more to the emergence of cultures, what are the possible mechanisms through which pathogenic threat gives rise to cultural systems, and how parasite stress might affect vertical vs. horizontal dimensions of individualism-collectivism. This review summarizes and integrates major findings of parasite stress theory related to individualism-collectivism and its closely related variables and discusses future directions that researchers can take to answer the remaining questions.
在个人主义-集体主义的四种提出的起源理论中，即现代化理论、水稻与小麦理论、气候经济理论和病原体应激理论，后者在跨文化和进化心理学中受到了更多关注。由于价值观和社会性的寄生虫应激理论将传染病与文化取向联系起来，它在新冠疫情期间变得更加流行。但是，尽管对寄生虫应激理论进行了广泛研究，目前仍不清楚哪种传染病对文化的出现贡献更大，致病威胁产生文化系统的可能机制是什么，以及寄生虫应激如何影响个人主义-集体主义的纵向与横向维度。本综述总结并整合了与个人主义-集体主义及其密切相关变量相关的寄生虫应激理论的主要发现，并讨论了研究人员为回答剩余问题可以采取的未来方向。
