Elahraf Abeer, Afzal Ayesha, Akhtar Ahmed, Shafiq Basit, Vaidya Jaideep, Shamail Shafay, Adam Nabil R
Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102.
Department of Computer Science, Air University, Pakistan.
IEEE Trans Serv Comput. 2022 Jul-Aug;15(4):2018-2031. doi: 10.1109/tsc.2020.3030211. Epub 2020 Oct 12.
An emergency response process outlines the workflow of different activities that need to be performed in response to an emergency. Effective emergency response requires communication and coordination with the operational systems belonging to different collaborating organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to establish information sharing and system-level interoperability among the diverse operational systems. Unlike typical e-government processes that are well structured and have a well-defined outcome, emergency response processes are knowledge-centric and their workflow structure and execution may evolve as the incident unfolds. It is impractical to define static plans and response process workflows for every possible situation. Instead, a dynamic response should be adaptable to the changing situation. We present an integrated approach that facilitates the dynamic composition of an executable response process. The proposed approach employs ontology-based reasoning to determine the default actions and resource requirements for the given incident and to identify relevant response organizations based on their jurisdictional and mutual aid agreement rules. The Web service APIs of the identified response organizations are then used to generate an executable response process that evolves dynamically. The proposed approach is implemented and experimentally validated using an example scenario derived from the FEMA Hazardous Materials Tabletop Exercises Manual.
应急响应流程概述了针对紧急情况需要执行的不同活动的工作流程。有效的应急响应需要与属于不同协作组织的运营系统进行沟通和协调。因此，有必要在各种运营系统之间建立信息共享和系统级互操作性。与结构良好且结果明确的典型电子政务流程不同，应急响应流程以知识为中心，其工作流程结构和执行可能会随着事件的展开而演变。为每种可能的情况定义静态计划和响应流程工作流是不切实际的。相反，动态响应应适应不断变化的情况。我们提出了一种集成方法，该方法有助于动态组合可执行的响应流程。所提出的方法采用基于本体的推理来确定给定事件的默认行动和资源需求，并根据其管辖和互助协议规则识别相关响应组织。然后，使用所识别的响应组织的Web服务API来生成一个动态演变的可执行响应流程。所提出的方法通过使用从联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）有害物质桌面演练手册中提取的示例场景进行了实现和实验验证。
