Dejene Hiwot, Girma Derara, Geleta Leta Adugna, Legesse Elsabeth
Department of Public Health, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Front Pediatr. 2022 Jul 27;10:867846. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.867846. eCollection 2022.
Globally, vaccination is one of the most cost-effective interventions in promoting child survival, preventing 2-3 million child deaths annually from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). In Ethiopia, timely vaccination is stated as key to the prevention of unnecessary childhood mortality from measles, pneumonia, diarrheal diseases, and other VPDs. However, Ethiopia ranked fifth among the ten countries with the most unprotected children. Furthermore, previous vaccine timeliness studies produced widely disparate results. As a result, it was suggested that more research be conducted to investigate the potential factors behind the high proportion of untimely vaccination. Therefore, this study was intended to explore the association between different factors and the proportion of vaccination timeliness administered under the Expanded Program on Immunization in Debre Libanos district, Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from 1 May to 30 May 2021 among children aged 12 to 23 months with their mother/caregiver, who had started vaccination and had vaccination cards in the Debre Libanos. Simple random sampling techniques and pretested semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. At last, a multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the vaccination timeliness.
In this study, 413 children aged 12 to 23 months were interviewed with their mother/caregiver. Overall, 33.7% [95% CI (29.1-38.3)] of children received their vaccines timely. Having a female child [AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.58-5.35], mother/caregiver attending primary [AOR: 6.33, 95% CI: 2.66-15.06] and secondary/above education [AOR: 5.61, 95% CI: 2.41-13.04], sufficient vaccination knowledge [AOR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.87-6.38], mother/caregiver with least hesitant [AOR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.51-7.41] and middle hesitant [AOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.05-3.58], utilization of ANC [AOR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.32-6.33], and giving birth at health facility [AOR: 4.32, 95% CI: 1.95-9.59] were the factors independently associated with vaccination timeliness.
In comparison to Ethiopia's existing vaccination coverage, the proportion of children immunized at the recommended time interval is low in the study district. Policymakers should prioritize vaccine timeliness and integrate it into childhood vaccination strategies.
在全球范围内，疫苗接种是促进儿童生存最具成本效益的干预措施之一，每年可预防200万至300万例因疫苗可预防疾病（VPDs）导致的儿童死亡。在埃塞俄比亚，及时接种疫苗被视为预防麻疹、肺炎、腹泻疾病和其他VPDs导致不必要儿童死亡的关键。然而，埃塞俄比亚在未得到保护儿童数量最多的十个国家中排名第五。此外，以往关于疫苗接种及时性的研究结果差异很大。因此，有人建议进行更多研究，以调查疫苗接种不及时比例高背后的潜在因素。因此，本研究旨在探讨埃塞俄比亚德布雷利巴诺斯地区扩大免疫规划下不同因素与疫苗接种及时性比例之间的关联。
2021年5月1日至5月30日，在德布雷利巴诺斯地区对12至23个月大儿童及其母亲/照顾者进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究设计，这些儿童已开始接种疫苗并持有疫苗接种卡。采用简单随机抽样技术和经过预测试的半结构化问卷进行数据收集。最后，使用多变量逻辑回归来确定与疫苗接种及时性相关的因素。
在本研究中，对413名12至23个月大的儿童及其母亲/照顾者进行了访谈。总体而言，33.7%[95%置信区间（29.1 - 38.3）]的儿童及时接种了疫苗。有女童[AOR：2.9，95%置信区间：1.58 - 5.35]、母亲/照顾者接受小学教育[AOR：6.33，95%置信区间：2.66 - 15.06]和中学及以上教育[AOR：5.61，95%置信区间：2.41 - 13.04]、具备足够的疫苗接种知识[AOR：3.46，95%置信区间：1.87 - 6.38]、母亲/照顾者犹豫程度最低[AOR：3.35，95%置信区间：1.51 - 7.4]和中等犹豫程度[AOR：1.89，95%置信区间：1.05 - 3.58]、利用产前保健服务[AOR：2.89，95%置信区间：1.32 - 6.33]以及在医疗机构分娩[AOR：4.32，95%置信区间：1.95 - 9.59]是与疫苗接种及时性独立相关的因素。
与埃塞俄比亚现有的疫苗接种覆盖率相比，研究地区按推荐时间间隔进行免疫接种的儿童比例较低。政策制定者应优先考虑疫苗接种及时性，并将其纳入儿童疫苗接种策略。
