Lawton M P, Moss M, Fulcomer M
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1986;24(3):171-88. doi: 10.2190/kdt5-w3ar-19fe-w7wf.
The time allocations of 525 older people from two independent community-resident and two types of service-agency populations were studied. The strongest determinant of time allocation, beyond basic demographic characteristics, was functional health, which was better among people spending time in most obligatory activities, both alone and outside the home. Cognitive competence was associated with media use, being alone, less rest, time with family, and time in the home. More time was spent in most-liked discretionary, but not obligatory activities. Specifically, the more time one spent interacting with friends, with household family, reading, watching television, engaging in recreation, and being in the yard, the more each of these activities was liked. While there was a strong relationship between degree of liking for most activities and personal adjustment, the actual distribution of time among the activities was quite independent of personal adjustment, with the exception of time alone, which showed a slight negative association with personal adjustment.
对来自两个独立社区居民群体和两种服务机构群体的525名老年人的时间分配情况进行了研究。除基本人口统计学特征外，时间分配的最强决定因素是功能健康状况，在大多数独自或外出的强制性活动中花费时间的人群中，功能健康状况更好。认知能力与媒体使用、独处、休息较少、与家人相处时间以及在家时间有关。在最喜欢的非强制性活动上花费了更多时间，但不是强制性活动。具体而言，一个人花在与朋友互动、与家庭成员相处、阅读、看电视、娱乐以及在院子里的时间越多，对这些活动的喜爱程度就越高。虽然对大多数活动的喜爱程度与个人适应之间存在很强的关系，但活动之间的实际时间分配与个人适应相当独立，独处时间除外，独处时间与个人适应呈轻微负相关。
