Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2023 Aug;37(6):1276-1301. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2106890. Epub 2022 Aug 13.
The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is a widely used measure of episodic verbal memory. To our knowledge, culturally adapted and demographically adjusted norms for the RAVLT are currently not available for Norwegian and Swedish adults, and imported North American norms are often used. We here develop regression-based norms for Norwegian and Swedish adults and compare our norms to North American norms in an independent sample of cognitively healthy adults. Participants were 244 healthy adults from Norway and Sweden between the aged 49 and 79 years, with between 6 and 24 years of education. Using a multiple multivariate regression-based norming procedure, we estimated effects of age, sex, and years of education on basic and derived RAVLT test scores. The newly developed norms were assessed in an independent comparison group of cognitively healthy adults ( = 145) and compared to recently published North American regression-based norms. Lower age, female sex and more years of education predicted higher performance on the RAVLT. The new norms adequately adjusted for age, education, and sex in the independent comparison group. The American norms corrected for demographics on all RAVLT trials except trials 4, 7, list B, and trials 1-5 total. Test-retest ( = 2.55 years) reliability varied from poor to good. We propose regression-based norms for the RAVLT adjusting for pertinent demographics. The norms may be used for assessment of Norwegian and Swedish adults between the aged of 49 and 79 years, with between 6 and 24 years of education.
Rey 听觉言语学习测验(RAVLT)是一种广泛用于评估情景性言语记忆的测试。据我们所知,目前针对挪威和瑞典成年人,尚未制定经过文化适应性和人口统计学调整的 RAVLT 常模,而通常使用来自北美的进口常模。在此,我们为挪威和瑞典成年人制定了基于回归的常模,并在认知健康成年人的独立样本中比较了我们的常模与北美的常模。参与者为来自挪威和瑞典的 244 名年龄在 49 至 79 岁之间、受教育程度在 6 至 24 年之间的健康成年人。我们使用基于多元回归的多变量常模制定程序,估计了年龄、性别和受教育年限对基本和衍生 RAVLT 测试分数的影响。新制定的常模在认知健康成年人的独立比较组中进行了评估(n=145),并与最近公布的基于北美的回归常模进行了比较。年龄较小、女性性别和受教育年限较高预测了 RAVLT 表现更好。新常模在独立比较组中充分调整了年龄、教育和性别因素。美国的常模在所有 RAVLT 试验中除了第 4、7、B 列表和第 1-5 总试验外,都纠正了人口统计学方面的因素。测试-重测(n=2.55 年)信度从差到好不等。我们提出了基于回归的 RAVLT 常模,用于调整相关的人口统计学因素。这些常模可用于评估年龄在 49 至 79 岁之间、受教育程度在 6 至 24 年之间的挪威和瑞典成年人。