High-efficient peroxymonosulfate activation for rapid atrazine degradation by FeS@MoS derived from MIL-88A(Fe).

FeS@MoS-x (FM-x, x implied real Mo/Fe content ratios) in which FeS derived from MIL-88A deposited on the surface of MoS with a tight heterogeneous interface were synthesized for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade atrazine (ATZ). The catalytic performance of FM-0.96 was greatly improved due to the rapid regeneration of Fe resulting from the interfacial interaction. FM-0.96 could completely degrade 10.0 mg/L ATZ within 1.0 min, and the toxicities for most of its intermediates were greatly reduced. The k value of FM-0.96 was 320 and 40 times higher than that of the MoS and FeS, respectively. The SO·, ·OH and O were mainly responsible for ATZ degradation in FM-0.96/PMS system, and the conversion pathway of O was analyzed. Furthermore, the long-term continuous operation for ATZ degradation was achieved using a fixed membrane reactor. This work provides deep insights into metal sulfide composites derived from metal-organic frameworks for removing pollutants by activating PMS.