Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain; Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain; Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
Neuropharmacology. 2022 Nov 1;218:109211. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109211. Epub 2022 Aug 13.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric condition with a critical familiar, personal, and social impact. Patients diagnosed with PTSD show various symptoms, including anxiety, depression, psychotic episodes, and sleep disturbances, complicating their therapeutic management. Only sertraline and paroxetine, two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are approved by different international agencies to treat PTSD. In addition, these drugs are generally combined with psychotherapy to achieve positive results. However, these pharmacological strategies present limited efficacy. Nearly half of the PTSD patients do not experience remission of symptoms, possibly due to the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, in clinical practice, other off-label medications are common, even though the effectiveness of these drugs needs to be further investigated. In this line, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, adrenergic blockers, benzodiazepines, and other emerging pharmacological agents have aroused interest as potential therapeutic tools to improve some specific symptoms of PTSD. Thus, this review is focused on the most widely used drugs for the pharmacological treatment of PTSD with a translational approach, including clinical and preclinical studies, to emphasize the need to develop safer and more effective medications.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种致残性精神疾病，对家庭、个人和社会都有重大影响。被诊断患有 PTSD 的患者表现出各种症状，包括焦虑、抑郁、精神病发作和睡眠障碍，这使得他们的治疗管理变得复杂。只有舍曲林和帕罗西汀这两种选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂被不同的国际机构批准用于治疗 PTSD。此外，这些药物通常与心理治疗相结合以取得积极的效果。然而，这些药物治疗策略的疗效有限。近一半的 PTSD 患者的症状没有缓解，这可能是由于精神共病的高患病率所致。因此，在临床实践中，经常使用其他未批准用于治疗 PTSD 的药物，尽管这些药物的有效性需要进一步研究。基于这一点，抗精神病药、抗癫痫药、肾上腺素能阻滞剂、苯二氮䓬类药物和其他新兴的药理学药物作为改善 PTSD 某些特定症状的潜在治疗工具引起了人们的兴趣。因此，本综述重点关注了具有转化研究的 PTSD 药物治疗中最广泛使用的药物，包括临床和临床前研究，以强调需要开发更安全、更有效的药物。
