Li Ying, Zhi Weijia, Qi Bing, Wang Lifeng, Hu Xiangjun
College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2023 Aug 2;17:1216524. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1216524. eCollection 2023.
Fear refers to an adaptive response in the face of danger, and the formed fear memory acts as a warning when the individual faces a dangerous situation again, which is of great significance to the survival of humans and animals. Excessive fear response caused by abnormal fear memory can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders. Fear memory has been studied for a long time, which is of a certain guiding effect on the treatment of fear-related disorders. With continuous technological innovations, the study of fear has gradually shifted from the level of brain regions to deeper neural (micro) circuits between brain regions and even within single brain regions, as well as molecular mechanisms. This article briefly outlines the basic knowledge of fear memory and reviews the neurobiological mechanisms of fear extinction and relapse, which aims to provide new insights for future basic research on fear emotions and new ideas for treating trauma and fear-related disorders.
恐惧是指面对危险时的一种适应性反应，形成的恐惧记忆在个体再次面临危险情况时起到警示作用，这对人类和动物的生存具有重要意义。异常的恐惧记忆导致的过度恐惧反应会引发神经精神疾病。恐惧记忆已经被研究了很长时间，这对与恐惧相关疾病的治疗具有一定的指导作用。随着技术的不断创新，对恐惧的研究已逐渐从脑区层面深入到脑区之间甚至单个脑区内更深层次的神经（微）回路以及分子机制。本文简要概述了恐惧记忆的基础知识，并综述了恐惧消退和复发的神经生物学机制，旨在为未来恐惧情绪的基础研究提供新的见解，为治疗创伤及与恐惧相关的疾病提供新思路。
