Tadesse Tefera, Asmamaw Aemero, H/Mariam Sirak, Edo Beshir
Institute of Educational Research, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Institute of Medical Education, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Aug 16;14(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00545-8.
This study examined the contextual factors associated with psychological need satisfaction (PNS) and the predictability of the PNS components, together with the contextual factors, on the developmental outcomes of elite young athletes in the Ethiopian sports academies, and further identified differences in perception of PNS from a comparative perspective. The study used a cross-sectional survey design applying developmental and PNS theories as guiding frameworks. Samples of elite young Ethiopian athletes participated (n = 257, 47.47% were women with a mean age of 17.44 years and SD = 0.87, and 52.53% were men with a mean age of 18.25 years and SD = 1.14).
Structural equation modeling showed that the three PNS domains, together with the five contextual factors positively predicted the three developmental outcomes measured (41-54% explained variance). Moreover, there were higher differences in PNS (0.55 ≤ Cohen's d ≥ 0.71) among young athletes classified by the sport types.
As per the findings of this study, young athletes may differ in the levels of PNS they obtained depending on the type of sports enrolled in sports academies. Also, the results of this study indicated that PNS attained may be modestly influenced by some contextual factors. It also evidenced that those developmental outcomes in elite young athletes are significantly positively associated with contextual and PNS factors. Stakeholders such as young athlete coaches, parents, sports psychologists, and administrators must consider the differing implications of program type during the elite young athletes' participation in sports academics and the significant positive association between contextual factors, PNS, and developmental outcomes of elite young athletes.
In sum, the PNS of youth athletes may differ across sports types and the talent development of elite young athletes should emphasize the individual nature of the processes. Also, it can be concluded that the PNS components than the contextual factors had higher predictions of developmental outcomes.
本研究考察了与心理需求满足（PNS）相关的情境因素以及PNS各成分与情境因素共同对埃塞俄比亚体育学院优秀年轻运动员发展结果的预测性，并从比较的角度进一步确定了对PNS认知的差异。该研究采用横断面调查设计，将发展理论和PNS理论作为指导框架。埃塞俄比亚优秀年轻运动员样本参与了研究（n = 257，47.47%为女性，平均年龄17.44岁，标准差 = 0.87；52.53%为男性，平均年龄18.25岁，标准差 = 1.14）。
结构方程模型显示，三个PNS领域与五个情境因素共同对所测量的三个发展结果具有正向预测作用（解释方差为41 - 54%）。此外，按运动类型分类的年轻运动员在PNS方面存在较大差异（0.55≤科恩d≥0.71）。
根据本研究结果，年轻运动员根据其在体育学院所参与的运动类型，在获得的PNS水平上可能存在差异。本研究结果还表明，获得的PNS可能会受到一些情境因素的适度影响。这也证明了优秀年轻运动员的那些发展结果与情境因素和PNS因素显著正相关。年轻运动员教练、家长、运动心理学家和管理人员等利益相关者在优秀年轻运动员参与体育学院项目期间，必须考虑项目类型的不同影响以及情境因素、PNS与优秀年轻运动员发展结果之间的显著正相关。
总之，青少年运动员的PNS可能因运动类型而异，优秀年轻运动员的人才培养应强调过程的个体性。此外，可以得出结论，PNS各成分比情境因素对发展结果的预测性更高。
