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模块化多电平变换器故障诊断与容错控制技术综述

A comprehensive review of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control techniques for modular multi-level converters.

作者信息

Ahmad Faizan, Adnan Muhammad, Amin Arslan Ahmed, Khan Muhammad Gufran

机构信息

Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot-Faisalabad, Pakistan.

出版信息

Sci Prog. 2022 Jul-Sep;105(3):368504221118965. doi: 10.1177/00368504221118965.

DOI:10.1177/00368504221118965
PMID:35975593
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10450489/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Many faults occur in the modular multi-level converters (MMCs), including unbalancing capacitor voltage, lower and upper arm unbalancing, the line to line voltage unbalancing, sensors and actuators fault, system fault, and sub-modules fault in high as well as medium voltage applications.

INTRODUCTION

Several fault-tolerant approaches are presented to overcome these problems, such as active fault-tolerant control system (AFTCS), passive fault-tolerant control system (PFTCS), hybrid fault-tolerant control system (HFTCS), redundant system technique, special power circuit with the controller, and zero sequence voltage methods, which we will explain extensively in this article.

METHODOLOGY

This review emphasizes the types of faults in the MMCs and discusses the protection methods under failure conditions. The MMC is more popular in high voltage applications because it not only improves the quality of the grid but also has good harmonic performance in high power transmission. There is no need for any isolated dc sources to operate it. When faults are removed, the efficiency and reliability of the system will be increased.

RESULTS

This extensive explanation of the current literature on MMC fault diagnosis and control techniques will conclude which methods provide a more valuable solution. Finally, this paper discusses the best approach to reduce MMC faults and provides a future research direction to the readers.

摘要

背景

模块化多电平换流器（MMC）中会出现许多故障，包括电容电压不平衡、上下桥臂不平衡、线间电压不平衡、传感器和执行器故障、系统故障以及中高压应用中的子模块故障。

引言

提出了几种容错方法来克服这些问题，如主动容错控制系统（AFTCS）、被动容错控制系统（PFTCS）、混合容错控制系统（HFTCS）、冗余系统技术、带控制器的特殊电源电路以及零序电压方法，我们将在本文中对其进行详细解释。

方法

本综述着重介绍了MMC中的故障类型，并讨论了故障情况下的保护方法。MMC在高压应用中更受欢迎，因为它不仅提高了电网质量，而且在大功率传输中具有良好的谐波性能。运行它无需任何隔离直流电源。故障排除后，系统的效率和可靠性将得到提高。

结果

对当前关于MMC故障诊断和控制技术的文献进行的详细解释将得出哪些方法能提供更有价值的解决方案。最后，本文讨论了减少MMC故障的最佳方法，并为读者提供了未来的研究方向。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/e79b3cd896f0/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig9.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/792a0e397720/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/a864a87ad2ee/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/d7fc33827aef/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/434243b1fcc6/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/b588ca39cfe9/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/811c6952d243/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/8cf8a168fe16/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/3b76f98a7735/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/e79b3cd896f0/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig9.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/792a0e397720/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/a864a87ad2ee/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/d7fc33827aef/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/434243b1fcc6/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/b588ca39cfe9/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/811c6952d243/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/8cf8a168fe16/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/3b76f98a7735/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/782a/10450489/e79b3cd896f0/10.1177_00368504221118965-fig9.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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2
Backstepping Design of Adaptive Neural Fault-Tolerant Control for MIMO Nonlinear Systems.多输入多输出非线性系统的自适应神经网络故障容错反步设计。
IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. 2017 Nov;28(11):2605-2613. doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2599009.
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An Adaptive NN-Based Approach for Fault-Tolerant Control of Nonlinear Time-Varying Delay Systems With Unmodeled Dynamics.
基于自适应神经网络的非线性时变时滞系统容错控制方法，未建模动态。
IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. 2017 Aug;28(8):1902-1913. doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2558195. Epub 2016 May 16.