Clinicians' Racial Biases as Pathways to Iatrogenic Harms for Black People.

Access to care is a health determinant because health care resources, interventions, and personnel help maintain health and well-being. In addition to social determinants' roles in health inequity, clinicians' racial bias undermines the quality of Black persons' health care experiences and is a pathway to iatrogenic harm. This article considers pain management and limb amputation outcomes as examples of how clinicians' racial biases exacerbate inequitable access to health care for Black people in the United States.