State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
Department of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
Blood. 2022 Oct 20;140(16):1790-1802. doi: 10.1182/blood.2022016243.
The bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) blinatumomab against CD19 and CD3 has emerged as the most successful bispecific antibody (bsAb) to date; however, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to the treatments or eventually experience relapse after an initial response, and the recurrence rate increases significantly due to escape or downregulation of the CD19 antigen. To enhance antitumor efficacy and overcome potential immune escape, we developed a novel approach to design a CD19/CD22/CD3 trispecific antibody (tsAb) by site-specifically fusing anti-CD19 scFv (FMC63) and anti-CD22 nanobody (Nb25) to the defined sites of the CD3 antigen-binding fragment (Fab, SP34). This strategy allows for the optimal formation of immune synapses mediated by CD19/CD22/CD3 between target cells and T cells. Optimized tsAb can be superior for inducing T-cell-specific cytotoxicity and cytokine production against CD19+ and/or CD22+ tumor cells compared to other tsAb formats, and demonstrated significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy and the ability to overcome immune escape compared with the corresponding bsAbs alone or in combination, as well as with blinatumomab. In addition, tsAb treatment can lead to the long-term elimination of primary B-ALL patient samples in the PDX model and significantly prolong survival. This novel approach provides unique insight into the structural optimization of T-cell-redirected multispecific antibodies using site-specific recombination, and may be broadly applicable to heterogeneous and resistant tumor populations as well as solid tumors.
双特异性 T 细胞衔接器(BiTE)blinatumomab 针对 CD19 和 CD3 已成为迄今为止最成功的双特异性抗体(bsAb);然而,相当一部分患者对治疗无反应,或在初始反应后最终复发,并且由于 CD19 抗原的逃逸或下调,复发率显著增加。为了提高抗肿瘤疗效并克服潜在的免疫逃逸,我们开发了一种新方法,通过在 CD3 抗原结合片段(Fab,SP34)的特定位置特异性融合抗 CD19 scFv(FMC63)和抗 CD22 纳米抗体(Nb25),来设计一种新型的 CD19/CD22/CD3 三特异性抗体(tsAb)。这种策略允许在靶细胞和 T 细胞之间通过 CD19/CD22/CD3 形成最佳的免疫突触。与其他 tsAb 形式相比,优化后的 tsAb 可以更有效地诱导针对 CD19+和/或 CD22+肿瘤细胞的 T 细胞特异性细胞毒性和细胞因子产生,并且与相应的 bsAb 单独或联合使用相比,以及与 blinatumomab 相比,表现出显著增强的抗肿瘤疗效和克服免疫逃逸的能力。此外,tsAb 治疗可导致 PDX 模型中原发性 B-ALL 患者样本的长期消除,并显著延长生存期。这种新方法为使用定点重组对 T 细胞重定向多特异性抗体进行结构优化提供了独特的见解,并且可能广泛适用于异质性和耐药性肿瘤群体以及实体瘤。
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