College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing, 210095, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Oct 1;319:115774. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115774. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Clarifying the relationship between urban expansion and ecosystem services (ESs) is critical for sustainable management of land resources and ecosystems. However, little is known about the relationship between the two at the cross-scale (particularly at the national-provincial scale). Therefore, we conducted a systematic assessment of the spatiotemporal dynamics and the relationship between urban expansion and ESs including food production (FP), soil conservation (SC), carbon sequestration (CS), and water yield (WY) in China from 1992 to 2020 on the national-provincial scale. The results show that China's urban expansion took up a large amount of cropland, accounting for 79.35% of the newly-added built-up land. Shandong had the largest expansion scale and the highest speed, Shanghai had the most pronounced expansion intensity, and more than 50% of the provinces were dominated by outlying expansion pattern. In terms of total change, the three ESs of FP, SC, and WY increased by 286.5 × 10 t, 1893.61 × 10 t, and 8337.20 × 10 mm, respectively, and CS decreased by 683.90 × 10 Mg C. However, in the urban expansion area, FP and CS net decreased by 1757.6 × 10 t and 19,640.19 × 10 Mg C, respectively, while SC and WY net increased by 347.52 × 10 t and 20,264.11 × 10 mm, respectively. Shandong contributed the most to changes in ESs in urban expansion areas. Urban expansion was significantly negatively correlated with FP and CS with the correlation coefficients > -0.8; it was significantly positively correlated with SC and WY, with coefficients of 0.714 and 0.413, respectively, and urban expansion had a lagged effect on ESs. The impact of urban expansion on ESs had a spatial spillover effect and showed prominent spatial clustering in Anhui, Henan, and Shandong. Based on these results, we proposed urban planning countermeasures grounded in the perspective of ES improvement, which would provide policy references for the sustainable management of the ecological environment and land resources.
明确城市扩张与生态系统服务（ESs）之间的关系对于土地资源和生态系统的可持续管理至关重要。然而，人们对两者之间的交叉尺度（特别是国家-省级尺度）的关系知之甚少。因此，我们对 1992 年至 2020 年中国国家-省级尺度上的城市扩张与包括粮食生产（FP）、土壤保持（SC）、碳固存（CS）和产水（WY）在内的 ESs 的时空动态及其关系进行了系统评估。结果表明，中国的城市扩张占用了大量耕地，占新增建设用地的 79.35%。山东的扩张规模最大，速度最快，上海的扩张强度最大，超过 50%的省份以边缘扩张模式为主。就总变化而言，FP、SC 和 WY 的三种 ES 分别增加了 286.5×10^4t、1893.61×10^4t 和 8337.20×10^4mm，CS 减少了 683.90×10^4Mg C。然而，在城市扩张区，FP 和 CS 分别净减少了 1757.6×10^4t 和 19640.19×10^4Mg C，而 SC 和 WY 分别净增加了 347.52×10^4t 和 20264.11×10^4mm。山东对城市扩张区 ESs 的变化贡献最大。城市扩张与 FP 和 CS 呈显著负相关，相关系数>-0.8；与 SC 和 WY 呈显著正相关，系数分别为 0.714 和 0.413，且城市扩张对 ESs 具有滞后效应。城市扩张对 ESs 的影响具有空间溢出效应，在安徽、河南和山东表现出显著的空间集聚。基于这些结果，我们从改善 ESs 的角度提出了城市规划对策，为生态环境和土地资源的可持续管理提供了政策参考。
