Hemostatic Effect of Palliative Radiation Therapy in Preventing Blood Transfusions from Bleeding Occurring within Advanced Gastric Cancer.

PURPOSE

To report the hemostatic effects of palliative radiation therapy (RT) for the prevention of blood transfusions (BT) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Twenty-eight patients who received palliative three-dimensional conformal RT for hemostasis of gastric bleeding were retrospectively assessed in a study conducted in Japan. The median follow-up was 143.5 days. Changes in hemoglobin (Hb) levels were compared at the beginning of RT and four weeks later. Blood transfusion-free survival (BTFS) and overall survival (OS) were measured from the beginning of RT. Treatment toxicity was evaluated within 60 days of RT initiation.

RESULTS

No statistically significant decrease in Hb level was observed four weeks after RT. Twenty-eight patients did not receive BT within a month after RT, of whom three died within a month; 6/28 patients (21%) received BT at a median interval of 99.5 days following RT. The one-year BTFS and OS rates for all patients were 69% and 12%, respectively. The one-year BTFS was statistically significantly higher in 17 patients treated with a biologically effective dose (BED) of 39 Gy (30 Gy in 10 fractions) (78%) compared with six patients treated with a BED of 48 Gy (40 Gy in 20 fractions) (25%). Grade 1 and 2 nausea ( = 11) and a Grade 2 increase in alanine aminotransferase ( = 1) were observed. One patient died of Grade 5 hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS

Palliative RT is an effective treatment to prevent BT for bleeding occurring within AGC. Specifically, a fractionation regimen of 30 Gy in 10 fractions (a BED of 39 Gy) has a more durable hemostatic effect and thus should be considered for better prognosis.