Department of Risk and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 2;10:943444. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.943444. eCollection 2022.
A critical part of disaster communication is media coverage in the interface of the afflicted, media, and authorities. One communication key is building trust. Disaster survivors encounter journalists in a high-stress context, but little is known about their perceptions of these interactions and the subsequent media exposure. The aim of this study is to explore how survivors 6 years after a major disaster perceived their encounters with journalists and exposure in the media, as well as their level of trust in the media, compared with government and authorities. Data were used from a longitudinal study of Swedish tourists, repatriated from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, surveyed up to 6 years after the tsunami to assess posttraumatic stress (PTS) and effects on mental health. At 6 years after, the survey included questions about survivors' perceptions of journalist interactions (reported by = 311), of their own media exposure ( = 177), and survivors' trust in media organizations and public authorities ( = 1,181). Tsunami survivors mainly perceived interactions with journalists as being professional. There were 14% who reported that the interactions were supportive and 17% that the interactions were a strain. Similarly, most participants had a neutral view concerning the subsequent media coverage or exposure, although 12% experienced media exposure as stressful and 12% reported that it had been involuntary. Finally, the survivors indicated higher confidence and trust in Swedish radio and TV as compared to the Swedish authorities, and the participants' level of trust in the media was associated with their perceptions of journalists, = 0.34, < 0.001, and media coverage, = 0.47, < 0.001. Disaster survivors mainly agreed with emotionally neutral statements about interacting with the media, the performance of journalists on site, and their own media exposure. Nonetheless, a substantial minority found the encounters and exposure to be negative, and the results suggest a link between personal experiences or perceptions and trust in the media.
灾难沟通的一个关键部分是受灾者、媒体和当局之间的媒体报道。一个沟通关键是建立信任。灾难幸存者在高压力环境下遇到记者，但人们对他们对这些互动的看法以及随后的媒体曝光知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨 6 年后的幸存者如何看待他们与记者的遭遇以及媒体的曝光，以及他们对媒体、政府和当局的信任程度。本研究的数据来自对从 2004 年印度洋海啸中遣返的瑞典游客的一项纵向研究，在海啸发生后长达 6 年进行调查，以评估创伤后应激障碍（PTS）及其对心理健康的影响。在 6 年后，调查包括幸存者对记者互动的看法（ = 311）、自身媒体曝光的看法（ = 177）以及幸存者对媒体组织和公共当局的信任（ = 1,181）的问题。海啸幸存者主要认为与记者的互动是专业的。有 14%的人报告说，互动是支持性的，17%的人报告说互动是紧张的。同样，大多数参与者对后续媒体报道或曝光持中立看法，尽管 12%的人认为媒体曝光有压力，12%的人报告说媒体曝光是被迫的。最后，幸存者表示对瑞典广播和电视的信心和信任度高于瑞典当局，参与者对媒体的信任度与他们对记者的看法相关， = 0.34，< 0.001，与媒体报道相关， = 0.47，< 0.001。灾难幸存者主要同意关于与媒体互动、现场记者表现以及自身媒体曝光的情感中立的说法。尽管如此，仍有相当一部分人认为遭遇和曝光是负面的，结果表明个人经历或看法与对媒体的信任之间存在联系。
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