National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing. 10, SE 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Dec;36:15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.007. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
The characteristics of long-term trajectories of distress after disasters are unclear, since few studies include a comparison group. This study examines trajectories of recovery among survivors in comparison to individuals with indirect exposure.
Postal surveys were sent to Swedish tourists, repatriated from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami (n=2268), at 1, 3, and 6 years after the tsunami to assess posttraumatic stress (PTS) and poor mental health. Items were used to ascertain high and moderate disaster exposure groups and an indirect exposure comparison group.
Long-term PTS trajectories were best characterized by a resilient (72.3%), a severe chronic (4.6%), a moderate chronic (11.2%) and a recovering (11.9%) trajectory. Trajectories reported higher levels of PTS than the comparison group. Exposure severity and bereavement were highly influential risk factors.
These findings have implications regarding anticipation of long-term psychological adjustment after natural disasters and need for interventions after a single traumatic event with few secondary stressors.
由于很少有研究包括对照组，因此灾难后困扰的长期轨迹特征尚不清楚。本研究通过与间接暴露个体进行比较，来检验幸存者的恢复轨迹。
海啸后 1、3 和 6 年，向从 2004 年印度洋海啸中撤离的瑞典游客（n=2268）发送了邮政调查问卷，以评估创伤后应激（PTS）和心理健康不良。采用项目来确定高和中度灾害暴露组和间接暴露对照组。
长期 PTS 轨迹最好由有弹性（72.3%）、严重慢性（4.6%）、中度慢性（11.2%）和恢复性（11.9%）轨迹来描述。报告的轨迹比对照组的 PTS 水平更高。暴露严重程度和丧亲之痛是高度影响的风险因素。
这些发现对自然灾害后长期心理调整的预期以及单次创伤性事件后需要干预（继发性压力源较少）具有重要意义。
