State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 3):114118. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114118. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
The eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (ER-SNWDP) is a major human health project designed to alleviate the water scarcity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China. Impounded lake water security is directly related to the water diversion project effectiveness. At present, there is not a thorough understanding of the sediment heavy metals in Lake Hongze, the largest impounded lake of the ER-SNWDP. Consequently, this study reports a distribution analysis of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, and Ni in 101 sediment samples from Lake Hongze; we, utilized the enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and potential ecological risk index for the are to determine the ecological risk of heavy metals. The heavy metal source was examined with correlation analysis and principal component analysis-multiple linear regressions. The results showed that the average heavy metal content (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Ni) were 0.03-1.57 times greater than the Jiangsu Province background values. Cd, As, and Hg were the main contributors to the Lake Hongze ecological risk. Spatially, the open water area was the most polluted among the four lake parts, and most of the flushing area had a low ecological risk. Chengzi bay and the western lake area have similar risk profiles, but are lower than the open water area risk. Source analysis showed that nonpoint-source agricultural pollution and industrial production were important pollution sources, while a considerable portion of the heavy metal content came from atmospheric deposition and natural sources. This study identified the main contamination areas and revealed the possible sources of each heavy metal; as such, this study can serve as a reference for the remediation and management of Lake Hongze to ensure the water safety of the ER-SNWDP.
南水北调东线工程（ER-SNWDP）是一项旨在缓解中国京津冀地区水资源短缺的重大人类健康工程。蓄水湖水质安全直接关系到调水工程的效果。目前，对于 ER-SNWDP 最大的调蓄湖泊洪泽湖的沉积物重金属还没有全面的了解。因此，本研究报告了对洪泽湖 101 个沉积物样本中 Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg 和 Ni 的分布分析；我们利用富集因子、地积累指数和潜在生态风险指数对该地区的重金属生态风险进行了评估。通过相关分析和主成分分析-多元线性回归对重金属源进行了检验。结果表明，重金属平均含量（Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni）比江苏省背景值高出 0.03-1.57 倍。Cd、As 和 Hg 是导致洪泽湖生态风险的主要因素。空间上，四个湖区中开敞水域污染最严重，大部分冲刷区生态风险较低。程子湾和西部湖区的风险特征相似，但低于开敞水域的风险。来源分析表明，面源农业污染和工业生产是重要的污染源，而相当一部分重金属含量来自大气沉降和自然源。本研究确定了主要污染区域，并揭示了每种重金属的可能来源；因此，本研究可为洪泽湖的修复和管理提供参考，以确保 ER-SNWDP 的水质安全。
