University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Österreichische Apothekerkammer, Spitalgasse 31, Postfach 87, 1091, Wien, Austria.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022 Dec;18(12):4112-4123. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Aug 12.
While there is a lot of documented evidence about the clinical and cost effectiveness of pharmacists' role extensions there is an inherent gap between service development and implementation.
OBJECTIVE(S): This study aims to better understand the complex factors that influence the implementation of clinical pharmacy services from both the perspective of the community pharmacy service providers and service developers.
A prospective qualitative interview study using purposive sampling of twelve service developers and twelve community pharmacy service providers from across all nine Federal States of Austria. The validated and piloted interview guide contained questions and prompts on role perceptions, attitudes, experience, implementation barriers, training needs and measures identified to strengthen clinical pharmacy provision in community pharmacy. Verbatim quotes were independently mapped to the Framework for the Implementation of Services in Pharmacy (FISpH) by two researchers.
24 Interviews were carried out. Data saturation was achieved. There is a great deal of enthusiasm to develop the remit of clinical pharmacy services. It is seen as important to ensure the future survival of the profession. Service developers are more positive and confident in the implementation success and pharmacists' skills than providers. Clear mandates for politics, academia and individual pharmacists have been discussed to affect change.
Austrian pharmacists are facing the same well documented challenges as many other healthcare systems only with more urgency. The development of a clinical pharmacy service framework; education accreditation standard and a well-supported continuous professional development system are considered key to bring about the necessary culture shift.
尽管有大量关于药剂师角色扩展的临床和成本效益的文献证据，但服务开发和实施之间存在固有差距。
本研究旨在从社区药房服务提供者和服务开发者的角度更好地了解影响临床药学服务实施的复杂因素。
采用前瞻性定性访谈研究，对奥地利所有 9 个联邦州的 12 名服务开发者和 12 名社区药房服务提供者进行了有目的的抽样。经过验证和试点的访谈指南包含了关于角色认知、态度、经验、实施障碍、培训需求以及确定加强社区药房临床药学服务的措施的问题和提示。两位研究人员将逐字记录的引述独立映射到药房服务实施框架（FISpH）中。
进行了 24 次访谈，达到了数据饱和。开发临床药学服务的意愿非常强烈。确保该专业的未来生存被视为重要。服务开发者对实施成功和药剂师技能的积极程度和信心都高于提供者。已经讨论了明确的政治、学术和个人药剂师任务，以推动变革。
奥地利药剂师面临着与许多其他医疗保健系统相同的有据可查的挑战，只是紧迫性更强。制定临床药学服务框架、教育认证标准和支持良好的持续专业发展系统被认为是实现必要文化转变的关键。
