School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, The Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2021 Feb;43(1):107-117. doi: 10.1007/s11096-020-01114-0. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
Background In Qatar, the National Vision 2030 and the National Health Strategy 2018-2022 articulate the need to improve healthcare delivery by better utilisation of the skilled workforce. In this regard, pharmacy practice is rapidly advancing and several extended pharmacy services are now available in institutionalised settings. Objective This study aimed to determine health-related stakeholders' perceptions of current clinical pharmacy services in Qatar, and the potential development and implementation of further patient-centred roles. Setting All major organisations and institutions relating to the practice, education, regulation, and governance of pharmacy in Qatar. Method Qualitative, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals in key strategic positions of policy development and influence (i.e. health-related academic leaders, healthcare policy developers, directors of medicine/pharmacy/nursing, and patient safety leaders). Participants were recruited via a combination of purposeful and snowball sampling, until the point of data saturation was reached. The interview guide was grounded in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains of innovation characteristics, outer and inner setting, characteristics of individuals, and implementation process. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and independently analysed by two researchers using the Framework approach. Main outcome measure Perceptions of stakeholders regarding current and potential for future clinical pharmacy services in Qatar. Results Thirty-seven interviews were conducted with stakeholders of policy influence in healthcare. The interviewees reported a variety of clinical pharmacy services available in Qatar, which they perceived as positively impacting patient care outcomes, pharmacists' professional autonomy, and the healthcare system in general (innovation characteristics). However, they perceived that these services were mainly performed in hospitals and less in community pharmacy setting (inner setting) and were undervalued by patients and the public (outer setting). Expansion of pharmacists' clinical activities was supported, with recognition of facilitators such as the skillset and training of pharmacists, potential time release due to automation and well-considered implementation processes (characteristics of individuals, inner setting, process). Conclusion Health-related stakeholders in Qatar have positive perceptions of current clinical pharmacy services and support the expansion of pharmacist's roles. However, service development needs to consider the issues of patient and public awareness and initially target institutionalised healthcare settings.
在卡塔尔，《2030 年国家愿景》和《2018-2022 年国家卫生战略》阐明了通过更好地利用熟练劳动力来改善医疗保健服务的必要性。在这方面，药学实践正在迅速发展，目前在制度化环境中提供了几种扩展的药学服务。
本研究旨在确定与卡塔尔药学实践、教育、监管和治理相关的主要组织和机构中健康相关利益相关者对当前临床药学服务的看法，以及进一步发展和实施以患者为中心的角色的潜力。
所有与药学实践、教育、监管和治理相关的主要组织和机构在卡塔尔。
对政策制定和影响（即医疗保健学术领导者、医疗保健政策制定者、医学/药学/护理主任、患者安全领导者）的关键战略职位中的个人进行定性、面对面的半结构化访谈。参与者通过有目的和滚雪球抽样相结合的方式招募，直到达到数据饱和点。访谈指南以实施研究的综合框架的创新特征、外部和内部环境、个人特征和实施过程领域为基础。访谈以数字方式记录、转录，并由两名研究人员使用框架方法独立分析。
利益相关者对卡塔尔当前和未来临床药学服务的看法。
对医疗保健政策影响的利益相关者进行了 37 次访谈。受访者报告了在卡塔尔提供的各种临床药学服务，他们认为这些服务对改善患者护理结果、药师的专业自主权以及整个医疗保健系统产生了积极影响（创新特征）。然而，他们认为这些服务主要在医院开展，在社区药房开展较少（内部环境），并且患者和公众对其重视不够（外部环境）。药剂师临床活动的扩展得到了支持，并认识到药剂师的技能和培训、自动化带来的潜在时间释放以及经过深思熟虑的实施过程等促进因素（个人特征、内部环境、过程）。
卡塔尔的健康相关利益相关者对当前的临床药学服务有积极的看法，并支持扩大药剂师的角色。然而，服务的发展需要考虑到患者和公众意识的问题，并最初针对制度化的医疗保健环境。
