Hakim Mohamad S, Annisa Luthvia, Gazali Faris M, Aman Abu T
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
Master Program in Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Arch Virol. 2022 Dec;167(12):2443-2455. doi: 10.1007/s00705-022-05570-z. Epub 2022 Aug 20.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the responsible agent of chikungunya fever, a debilitating arthritic disease in humans. CHIKV is endemic in Africa and Asia, although transmission cycles are considerably different on these continents. Before 2004, CHIKV had received little attention, since it was only known to cause localised outbreaks in a limited region with no fatalities. However, the recent global reemergence of CHIKV has caused serious global health problems and shown its potential to become a significant viral threat in the future. Unexpectedly, the reemergence is more rapid and is geographically more extensive, especially due to increased intensity of global travel systems or failure to contain mosquito populations. Another important factor is the successful adaptation of CHIKV to a new vector, the Aedes albopictus mosquito. Ae. albopictus survives in both temperate and tropical climates, thus facilitating CHIKV expansion to non-endemic regions. The continuous spread and transmission of CHIKV pose challenges for the development of effective vaccines and specific antiviral therapies. In this review, we discuss the biology and origin of CHIKV in Africa as well as its subsequent expansion to other parts of the world. We also review the transmission cycle of CHIKV and its continuing adaptation to its mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts. More-complete understanding of the continuous evolution of CHIKV may help in predicting the emergence of CHIKV strains with possibly greater transmission efficiency in the future.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）是基孔肯雅热的病原体，基孔肯雅热是一种使人衰弱的关节炎疾病。CHIKV在非洲和亚洲为地方性流行，尽管在这两个大陆其传播周期有很大不同。2004年之前，CHIKV很少受到关注，因为它仅在有限区域引起局部暴发且无死亡病例。然而，最近CHIKV在全球再度出现已造成严重的全球健康问题，并显示出其未来有可能成为重大病毒威胁。出乎意料的是，这种再度出现更为迅速且在地理上更为广泛，尤其是由于全球旅行系统强度增加或未能控制蚊虫数量。另一个重要因素是CHIKV成功适应了新的传播媒介——白纹伊蚊。白纹伊蚊在温带和热带气候中均能生存，从而促进了CHIKV向非流行地区的传播。CHIKV的持续传播和扩散对有效疫苗和特异性抗病毒疗法的研发构成了挑战。在本综述中，我们讨论了CHIKV在非洲的生物学特性和起源，以及其随后向世界其他地区的传播。我们还综述了CHIKV的传播周期及其对蚊虫传播媒介和脊椎动物宿主的持续适应。对CHIKV持续进化的更全面了解可能有助于预测未来可能具有更高传播效率的CHIKV毒株的出现。
