Political Science Dept., Northeastern University, 960A Renaissance Park, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, 215H Renaissance Park, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Nov 1;321:115722. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115722. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
Factors driving community recovery trajectories after disaster are not well understood. We assess why some communities show stronger recoveries from disaster than others, examining the role of four policy toolkits that U.S. county governments frequently adopt to recover from disaster. Using mixed methods, we examine the cases of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita with a novel dataset of recovery policies adopted within each Louisiana parish following the disasters. We typologize recovery strategies and analyze policy adoption patterns after crises. To compare which policy toolkit leads to the best recovery outcomes, we use synthetic control experiments on the 20 parishes hit by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita between August and September 2005, tracking net income inflow and net in-migration measures from 1997 to 2018 over 1408 parish-year observations, paired with qualitative case studies of parish policies and recovery outcomes. On average, soft and local recovery policies focused on community policies and feedback helped parishes stem the flow of finances away from the disaster-zone, as did infrastructural 'hard' policies, to a degree. in comparison, state policies focused on top-down planning experienced weaker recovery. Evidence shows that soft and local policy toolkits can accelerate recovery and that governments seeking to rebuild infrastructure should invest in locally-engaged community development in order to attain better overall recovery.
灾害后社区恢复轨迹的驱动因素尚不清楚。我们评估了为什么有些社区比其他社区从灾害中恢复得更强，考察了美国县政府经常采用的四个政策工具包在灾害后恢复中的作用。我们使用混合方法，通过新的数据集来研究卡特里娜飓风和丽塔飓风之后路易斯安那州各教区所采用的恢复政策，考察了恢复策略的类型，并分析了危机后的政策采用模式。为了比较哪种政策工具包能带来最好的恢复结果，我们对 2005 年 8 月至 9 月遭受卡特里娜飓风和丽塔飓风袭击的 20 个教区使用了合成控制实验，从 1997 年到 2018 年，对每个教区 1408 个教区年观测值的净收入流入和净移民措施进行了追踪，并对教区政策和恢复结果进行了定性案例研究。平均而言，注重社区政策和反馈的软性和本地化恢复政策在一定程度上帮助教区阻止了财政从灾区外流，而基础设施等“硬性”政策也是如此。相比之下，注重自上而下规划的州政策的恢复情况则较弱。有证据表明，软性和本地化的政策工具包可以加速恢复，政府如果要重建基础设施，应该投资于当地参与的社区发展，以实现更好的整体恢复。
