Sophia Berg, Kelly Pritchett, Ogan Dana, Larson Abigail
Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University Affiliation, Cedar City, UT, USA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2022 May 1;15(2):721-732. doi: 10.70252/EVXF2363. eCollection 2022.
Athletes participating in endurance sports report frequent attempts to lose weight and greater training volumes in attempt to gain a competitive advantage. Increased exercise energy expenditure through training, weight periodization, and prevalence of eating disorder (ED) may affect energy availability. Low energy availability (LEA) is associated with negative physiological effects and an increased risk of bone fractures and illness in athletes. This study investigated the relationship between self-reported history of an ED with training, body satisfaction, and weight-control methods among female Olympic marathon trials participants. Female runners ( = 146; 30.8 ± 5.0 years of age) who participated in the 2020 U.S. Olympic Team Trials Marathon completed an online questionnaire examining training volume, weight-control methods, and self-reported diagnosis of an ED. 32% of participants reported previous ED while 6% reported a current ED and were grouped together based on a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of ED (current or past) or no ED for further analysis. A Chi-square analysis indicated a statistical difference when ≤ 0.05. Runners who reported ED were significantly more likely to experience weight dissatisfaction (χ2 = 9.59, = .022) and restricting or reducing food in the three months prior to the marathon (χ2 = 17.58, = .004). Consistent with previous literature, a substantial percentage of participants reported ED. This investigation suggests that ED may be associated with weight control methods and feelings of body dissatisfaction in competitive female runners.
参加耐力运动的运动员常称，他们频繁尝试减肥，并加大训练量以获取竞争优势。通过训练增加运动能量消耗、体重周期调整以及饮食失调的普遍存在可能会影响能量供应。低能量供应（LEA）与负面生理效应相关，且会增加运动员骨折和患病的风险。本研究调查了参加女子奥运会马拉松选拔赛的选手自我报告的饮食失调史与训练、身体满意度及体重控制方法之间的关系。参加2020年美国奥运代表队马拉松选拔赛的女运动员（n = 146；年龄30.8±5.0岁）完成了一份在线问卷，该问卷调查了训练量、体重控制方法以及自我报告的饮食失调诊断情况。32%的参与者报告曾有饮食失调，6%报告目前存在饮食失调，根据自我报告的饮食失调终生诊断（目前或过去）或无饮食失调情况将她们分组，以便进一步分析。当p≤0.05时，卡方分析显示存在统计学差异。报告有饮食失调的跑步者在马拉松比赛前三个月体重不满意（χ2 = 9.59，p = 0.022）以及限制或减少食物摄入的可能性显著更高（χ2 = 17.58，p = 0.004）。与先前文献一致，相当比例的参与者报告有饮食失调。这项调查表明，饮食失调可能与竞技女跑步者的体重控制方法及身体不满意感有关。
