Osler Lucy
Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Front Psychol. 2022 Aug 5;13:928186. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928186. eCollection 2022.
Depression is an affective disorder involving a significant change in an individual's emotional and affective experiences. While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM) mentions that social impairment may occur in depression, first-person reports of depression consistently name isolation from others as a key feature of depression. I present a phenomenological analysis of how certain interpersonal relations are experienced in depression. In particular, I consider whether depressed individuals are able to enter into "we-experiences" with other people. We-experiences are experiences had with two or more people as a (rather than having an experience as an ), experiences that allow one to enter into robustly experiences with others. I claim that the ability to enter into we-experiences (both actual and habitual) is eroded in depression due to an overwhelming feeling of being different to and misunderstood by others. As such, I suggest that depression should be conceived of as fixing an individual in their first-person singular perspective, thus inhibiting their ability to experience in the first-person plural and to feel a sense of connectedness or togetherness with others as part of a . By attending to on-going impacts of a diminished ability to enter into we-experiences, we can provide a situated and more nuanced account of the changes of interpersonal relations in depression that captures the progressive (rather than static) nature of the disorder. In turn, this analysis furthers our understanding of the emergence, frustration, and erosion of actual and habitual we-experiences.
抑郁症是一种情感障碍,涉及个体情绪和情感体验的显著变化。虽然《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版(DSM)提到抑郁症可能会出现社会功能损害,但抑郁症患者的第一人称报告一直将与他人隔离列为抑郁症的一个关键特征。我对抑郁症中某些人际关系的体验进行了现象学分析。特别是,我思考抑郁症患者是否能够与他人产生“我们的体验”。“我们的体验”是指与两个或更多人共同拥有的体验(而不是作为个体拥有的体验),这种体验能让人与他人建立起强烈的共同体验。我认为,由于一种强烈的与他人不同且被他人误解的感觉,抑郁症患者产生“我们的体验”(包括实际的和习惯性的)的能力受到侵蚀。因此,我建议将抑郁症理解为使个体固定在其第一人称单数视角,从而抑制他们以第一人称复数进行体验以及作为群体一部分与他人产生联系感或归属感的能力。通过关注产生“我们的体验”的能力下降所带来的持续影响,我们可以对抑郁症中人际关系的变化提供一种具体且更细致入微的解释,这种解释抓住了该疾病的渐进性(而非静态性)本质。反过来,这种分析进一步加深了我们对实际的和习惯性的“我们的体验”的出现、受挫及受到侵蚀的理解。