Gu Lingwen, Ma Guofeng, Li Cui, Lin Jing, Zhao Guiqiu
Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Front Oncol. 2022 Aug 8;12:958170. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.958170. eCollection 2022.
The intraocular malignancies, which mostly originate from the retina and uvea, exhibit a high incidence of blindness and even death. Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are the most common intraocular malignancies in adults and children, respectively. The high risks of distant metastases lead to an extremely poor prognosis. Nowadays, various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes is associated with the high incidence and mortality of cancers, such as liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer. However, the mechanisms and interventions associated with diabetes and intraocular malignancies have not been reviewed. In this review, we have summarized the associated mechanisms between diabetes and intraocular malignancy. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged periods of hyperglycemia. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and the activation of the IGF/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling axis in diabetes contribute to the genesis, growth, proliferation, and metastases of intraocular malignancy. In addition, diabetic patients are more prone to suffer severe complications and poor prognosis after radiotherapy for intraocular malignancy. Based on the common pathogenesis shared by diabetes and intraocular malignancy, they may be related to interventions and treatments. Therefore, interventions targeting the abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling axis show therapeutic potentials to treat intraocular malignancy.
眼内恶性肿瘤大多起源于视网膜和葡萄膜，具有较高的致盲率甚至死亡率。葡萄膜黑色素瘤（UM）和视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）分别是成人和儿童中最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤。远处转移的高风险导致预后极差。如今，各种流行病学研究表明，糖尿病与肝癌、胰腺癌和膀胱癌等癌症的高发病率和死亡率有关。然而，糖尿病与眼内恶性肿瘤相关的机制和干预措施尚未得到综述。在本综述中，我们总结了糖尿病与眼内恶性肿瘤之间的相关机制。糖尿病是一种以长期高血糖为特征的慢性代谢疾病。最近的研究报告称，糖尿病中的葡萄糖代谢异常、胰岛素抵抗以及IGF/胰岛素样生长因子-1受体（IGF-1R）信号轴的激活有助于眼内恶性肿瘤的发生、生长、增殖和转移。此外，糖尿病患者在接受眼内恶性肿瘤放疗后更容易出现严重并发症且预后较差。基于糖尿病和眼内恶性肿瘤共同的发病机制，它们可能与干预措施和治疗方法有关。因此，针对葡萄糖代谢异常、胰岛素抵抗和IGF-1/IGF-1R信号轴的干预措施显示出治疗眼内恶性肿瘤的潜力。
