Lim Young-Ok, Suh Kyung-Hyun
Department of Counseling Psychology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2022 Aug 8;12(8):273. doi: 10.3390/bs12080273.
Although passive aggression is known as a pathological personality trait, the concept is unclear, and there is a lack of tools to measure it comprehensively. Thus, this study developed and validated a tool for measuring passive-aggressive behaviors. Data on basic information about passive aggression traits were collected from 20 experts using open-ended questions. To verify content validity, Delphi surveys were conducted twice with five experts. Data for item analysis were collected from 123 Korean adults. Reliability and validity were analyzed using data obtained from 408 Korean adults. The three-factor model for the passive aggression scale (PAS) showed satisfactory model fits. Cronbach's αs for inducing criticism, avoiding/ignoring, and sabotaging subscales, and the total PAS, were 0.91, 0.91, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively. The test-retest coefficient of the PAS also indicates that this tool is reliable. Analyses of the criterion-related validity revealed that the PAS was closely correlated with the scores of some scales that measure passive aggression with a single factor. In addition, the correlations between the PAS, Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scores supported our understanding of the concept of passive aggression. This study highlights the utility of PAS as a useful and comprehensive measure of passive-aggressive behaviors to be adopted by researchers and clinicians.
尽管被动攻击被认为是一种病理性人格特质，但该概念尚不清楚，且缺乏全面测量它的工具。因此，本研究开发并验证了一种测量被动攻击行为的工具。通过开放式问题从20位专家那里收集了关于被动攻击特质基本信息的数据。为验证内容效度，对5位专家进行了两轮德尔菲调查。从123名韩国成年人那里收集了用于项目分析的数据。使用从408名韩国成年人那里获得的数据进行了信效度分析。被动攻击量表（PAS）的三因素模型显示出令人满意的模型拟合度。诱导批评、回避/忽视和破坏分量表以及PAS总量表的克朗巴哈α系数分别为0.91、0.91、0.92和0.93。PAS的重测系数也表明该工具是可靠的。效标关联效度分析表明，PAS与一些单因素测量被动攻击的量表得分密切相关。此外，PAS、库克-梅德利敌意量表和状态-特质愤怒表达量表得分之间的相关性支持了我们对被动攻击概念的理解。本研究强调了PAS作为一种有用且全面的被动攻击行为测量工具对研究人员和临床医生的实用性。
