Graczyk Michał, Lewandowska Agata Anna, Melnyczok Piotr, Zgliński Adam, Łukowicz Małgorzata
Department of Palliative Care, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic in Bydgoszcz, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Biomedicines. 2022 Aug 2;10(8):1862. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081862.
Cannabinoids can be successfully used in the treatment of many symptoms and diseases; however, most often they are not the drugs of first choice. They can be added to the primary therapy, which can improve its effectiveness, or be introduced as the basic treatment when the conventional methods have failed. Small clinical trials and case reports prove the benefits of applying medicinal cannabis in various indications; however, clinical trials in larger groups of patients are scarce and often controversial. Due to limited scientific evidence, it is essential to conduct further experimental trials. Understanding the role of endocannabinoids, as well as the composition of cannabis containing both phytocannabinoids and terpenes plays an important role in their clinical use. The clinical effects of cannabinoids depend, among other things, on the activity of the endocannabinoid system, the proportion of phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and the dosage used. The article discusses the role of phytocannabinoids and the potential of using them in different clinical cases in patients suffering from chronic pain, opioid dependence, depression and migraine, who did not respond to the conventional therapeutic methods. In each of the presented cases, the implementation of cannabinoids altered the course of the disease and resulted in symptom relief. Every decision to introduce cannabinoids to the treatment should be made individually with careful attention paid to details. Additionally, it is worth taking care of good clinical communication and education so that the implemented therapy is safe, effective and properly perceived by the patient.
大麻素可成功用于治疗多种症状和疾病;然而,它们通常并非首选药物。它们可添加到主要治疗中,从而提高其疗效,或者在传统方法失败时作为基本治疗引入。小型临床试验和病例报告证明了应用药用大麻在各种适应症中的益处;然而,针对更大患者群体的临床试验却很稀少,且往往存在争议。由于科学证据有限,进行进一步的实验性试验至关重要。了解内源性大麻素的作用,以及含有植物大麻素和萜类化合物的大麻成分在其临床应用中起着重要作用。大麻素的临床效果尤其取决于内源性大麻素系统的活性、植物大麻素(如Δ9-四氢大麻酚(THC)和大麻二酚(CBD))的比例以及所使用的剂量。本文讨论了植物大麻素的作用以及将其用于对传统治疗方法无反应的慢性疼痛、阿片类药物依赖、抑郁症和偏头痛患者不同临床病例的潜力。在每个所呈现的病例中,大麻素的应用改变了疾病进程并导致症状缓解。每一个将大麻素引入治疗的决定都应单独做出,并仔细关注细节。此外,值得注意良好的临床沟通和教育,以便所实施的治疗安全、有效且能被患者正确理解。