Lasher A Tate, Srivastava Hemant, Sun Liou Y
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
Biomedicines. 2022 Aug 6;10(8):1907. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081907.
While glucagon has long been recognized as the primary counter hormone to insulin's actions, it has recently gained recognition as a metabolic regulator with its effects extending beyond control of glycemia. Recently developed models of tissue-specific glucagon receptor knockouts have advanced our understanding of this hormone, providing novel insight into the role it plays within organs as well as its systemic effects. Studies where the pharmacological blockade of the glucagon receptor has been employed have proved similarly valuable in the study of organ-specific and systemic roles of glucagon signaling. Studies carried out employing these tools demonstrate that glucagon indeed plays a role in regulating glycemia, but also in amino acid and lipid metabolism, systemic endocrine, and paracrine function, and in the response to cardiovascular injury. Here, we briefly review recent progress in our understanding of glucagon's role made through inhibition of glucagon receptor signaling utilizing glucagon receptor antagonists and tissue specific genetic knockout models.
虽然胰高血糖素长期以来一直被认为是对抗胰岛素作用的主要激素，但最近它作为一种代谢调节因子获得了认可，其作用范围超出了对血糖的控制。最近开发的组织特异性胰高血糖素受体基因敲除模型加深了我们对这种激素的理解，为其在器官内的作用及其全身效应提供了新的见解。使用胰高血糖素受体药理学阻断的研究在胰高血糖素信号传导的器官特异性和全身作用研究中也被证明具有同样的价值。使用这些工具进行的研究表明，胰高血糖素确实在调节血糖方面发挥作用，而且在氨基酸和脂质代谢、全身内分泌和旁分泌功能以及对心血管损伤的反应中也发挥作用。在此，我们简要回顾通过使用胰高血糖素受体拮抗剂和组织特异性基因敲除模型抑制胰高血糖素受体信号传导，在我们对胰高血糖素作用的理解方面取得的最新进展。
