Liu Qianli, Wingfield Michael J, Duong Tuan A, Wingfield Brenda D, Chen Shuaifei
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees (RIFT), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Zhanjiang 524022, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Jul 31;8(8):811. doi: 10.3390/jof8080811.
To meet the growing demand for wood and pulp products, Eucalyptus plantations have expanded rapidly during the past two decades, becoming an integral part of the southern China landscape. Leaf blight caused by various Calonectria spp., is a serious threat to these plantations. In order to explore the diversity and distribution of Calonectria spp. in Fujian Province soils, samples were collected in Eucalyptus plantations and adjacent plantings of Cunninghamia lanceolata, Phyllostachys heterocycle and Pinus massoniana as well as in natural forests. Three hundred and fifty-three Calonectria isolates were recovered from soil samples and they were identified based on a comparison of multilocus DNA sequence data for the act (actin), cmdA (calmodulin), his3 (histone H3), rpb2 (the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase), tef1 (translation elongation factor 1-alpha) and tub2 (β-tubulin) gene regions, as well as morphological characteristics. Six known taxa including Calonectria aconidialis, Ca. hongkongensis, Ca. ilicicola, Ca. kyotensis, Ca. pacifica, Ca. pseudoreteaudii and one novel species described here as Ca. minensis sp. nov. were identified. Of these, Ca. aconidialis and Ca. kyotensis were the most prevalent species, and found in eight and seven sites, and four and five forest types, respectively. Calonectria spp. were most abundant in soils from Eucalyptus stands, followed by P. heterocycle and natural forests. Relatively few species were found in the soils associated with Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana. The abundance of known Calonectria spp. suggests that these fungi have been relatively well sampled in Fujian. The results are also consistent with the fact that most Calonectria diseases are found on Angiosperm as opposed to Gymnosperm plants.
为满足对木材和纸浆产品不断增长的需求，在过去二十年中，桉树种植园迅速扩张，已成为中国南方景观的一个重要组成部分。由多种卡氏枝孢菌引起的叶枯病，对这些种植园构成严重威胁。为了探究福建省土壤中卡氏枝孢菌的多样性和分布情况，在桉树林以及相邻的杉木林、毛竹林和马尾松林种植地以及天然林中采集了样本。从土壤样本中分离出353株卡氏枝孢菌，并根据肌动蛋白（act）、钙调蛋白（cmdA）、组蛋白H3（his3）、RNA聚合酶第二大亚基（rpb2）、翻译延伸因子1-α（tef1）和β-微管蛋白（tub2）基因区域的多位点DNA序列数据比较以及形态特征对其进行鉴定。鉴定出六个已知分类单元，包括无性卡氏枝孢菌、香港卡氏枝孢菌、冬青叶卡氏枝孢菌、京都卡氏枝孢菌、太平洋卡氏枝孢菌、拟瑞多卡氏枝孢菌，以及在此描述为闽卡氏枝孢菌新种的一个新物种。其中，无性卡氏枝孢菌和京都卡氏枝孢菌是最常见的物种，分别在八个和七个地点以及四种和五种森林类型中被发现。卡氏枝孢菌在桉树林土壤中最为丰富，其次是毛竹林和天然林。在与杉木林和马尾松林相关的土壤中发现的物种相对较少。已知卡氏枝孢菌物种的丰富度表明这些真菌在福建已得到相对充分的采样。这些结果也与大多数卡氏枝孢菌病害发生在被子植物而非裸子植物上这一事实相一致。
