Li Hui, Yang Hongyu, Calderón-Urrea Alejandro, Li Yuanpeng, Zhang Lipeng, Yu Yanlin, Ma Jiayi, Shi Guiying
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Aug 12;8(8):847. doi: 10.3390/jof8080847.
Lanzhou Lily( var. , which is also known as sweet lily in China, is used as a type of food. This lily is distributed in narrow regions, propagates asexually, cultivates perennially, and cultivates commonly in serious consecutive replant problems (CRPs). Soil fumigation is commonly used to control soil-borne disease to alleviate crops' consecutive replant problems (CRPs). However, due to the improper fumigation application, it is common to cause chemical hazard to crops. In this study, we designed a two-factor experiment to explore the bacterial and fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in the lily rhizosphere soil after chemical versus bacterial fertilizer treatments, by using a metagenomic analysis of the treated soils. The results showed that metham-sodium soil fumigation (SMF treatment) significantly decreased plant growth, as well as it significantly decreased both soil fungal diversity and abundance at the OTUs levels, while Special 8™ microbial fertilizer supplement (MF treatment) significantly improved plant growth and increased fungal diversity and abundance. Under FM treatment, Chao1 richness and Shannon's diversity increased by 6.70% and 35.09% compared to CK (no treatment). However, the bacterial diversity and abundance were not significantly changed among these treatments. The fungal and bacterial community structure were different in all treatments. In SMF treatment, the pathogenic fungal species increased compared to CK, but it significantly decreased in MF treatment; in MF and MMF treatments, some beneficial bacteria groups such as the bacterial phylum and its member genus , the fungal genus increased compared to CK and SFM treatments, but the harmful bacterial genera was decreased, as well as the harmful fungal genus . Thus, we concluded that under chemical fumigation conditions, both fungal diversity loss and overall microorganism reduction, which impair multiple ecosystem function, in conjunction with the increase of harmful fungal species such as are causes for soil degradation. On the other hand, under microbial fertilizer supplement, it was the fungal diversity increase, as well as these beneficial microorganisms groups' accumulation, together with those harmful groups' depletion, played important roles in restoring and improving soil health that suffered from the chemical fumigant hazard. In addition, the bacterial phylum and its member genus are involved in soil health recovery and promotion. The results also emphasized that whether soil is chemically fumigated or not, beneficial microorganism supplementary is effective in ensuring soil productivity.
兰州百合（变种，在中国也被称为甜百合）被用作一种食物。这种百合分布区域狭窄，进行无性繁殖，多年生栽培，并且普遍存在严重的连作障碍（CRPs）。土壤熏蒸常用于控制土传病害以缓解作物的连作障碍（CRPs）。然而，由于熏蒸应用不当，对作物造成化学危害的情况很常见。在本研究中，我们设计了一个双因素实验，通过对处理后的土壤进行宏基因组分析，探究化学肥料与生物肥料处理后百合根际土壤中的细菌和真菌群落结构以及一些特定的微生物类群。结果表明，威百亩土壤熏蒸（SMF处理）显著降低了植物生长，同时在OTUs水平上也显著降低了土壤真菌多样性和丰度，而Special 8™微生物肥料补充（MF处理）显著促进了植物生长并增加了真菌多样性和丰度。在FM处理下，与对照（不处理）相比，Chao1丰富度和香农多样性分别增加了6.70%和35.09%。然而，这些处理之间细菌多样性和丰度没有显著变化。所有处理中的真菌和细菌群落结构都不同。在SMF处理中，致病真菌种类相对于对照增加，但在MF处理中显著减少；在MF和MMF处理中，一些有益细菌类群如细菌门及其成员属、真菌属相对于对照和SFM处理增加，但有害细菌属减少，有害真菌属也减少。因此，我们得出结论，在化学熏蒸条件下，真菌多样性丧失和整体微生物减少，这损害了多种生态系统功能，同时有害真菌种类如的增加是土壤退化的原因。另一方面，在微生物肥料补充下，真菌多样性增加，以及这些有益微生物类群的积累，同时有害类群的减少，在恢复和改善遭受化学熏蒸剂危害的土壤健康方面发挥了重要作用。此外，细菌门及其成员属参与了土壤健康的恢复和促进。结果还强调，无论土壤是否进行化学熏蒸，有益微生物补充对于确保土壤生产力都是有效的。
