Kupai Krisztina, Várkonyi Tamás, Török Szilvia, Gáti Viktória, Czimmerer Zsolt, Puskás László G, Szebeni Gábor J
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Life (Basel). 2022 Aug 8;12(8):1205. doi: 10.3390/life12081205.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the world's leading causes of death and life-threatening conditions. Therefore, we review the complex vicious circle of causes responsible for T2DM and risk factors such as the western diet, obesity, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence and economic burden of T2DM on societal and healthcare systems are dissected. Recent progress on the diagnosis and clinical management of T2DM, including both non-pharmacological and latest pharmacological treatment regimens, are summarized. The treatment of T2DM is becoming more complex as new medications are approved. This review is focused on the non-insulin treatments of T2DM to reach optimal therapy beyond glycemic management. We review experimental and clinical findings of SARS-CoV-2 risks that are attributable to T2DM patients. Finally, we shed light on the recent single-cell-based technologies and multi-omics approaches that have reached breakthroughs in the understanding of the pathomechanism of T2DM.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是全球主要的死亡原因和危及生命的疾病之一。因此，我们回顾了导致T2DM的复杂恶性循环以及诸如西方饮食、肥胖、遗传易感性、环境因素和SARS-CoV-2感染等风险因素。剖析了T2DM在社会和医疗保健系统方面的患病率及经济负担。总结了T2DM诊断和临床管理方面的最新进展，包括非药物治疗和最新的药物治疗方案。随着新药物获批，T2DM的治疗变得愈发复杂。本综述聚焦于T2DM的非胰岛素治疗，以实现超越血糖管理的最佳治疗效果。我们回顾了可归因于T2DM患者的SARS-CoV-2风险的实验和临床研究结果。最后，我们阐述了近期在理解T2DM发病机制方面取得突破的基于单细胞的技术和多组学方法。
