Bazhanova Elena D
Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry of Cell Function, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Laboratory of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Golikov Research Center of Toxicology, 192019 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Life (Basel). 2022 Aug 11;12(8):1218. doi: 10.3390/life12081218.
Circadian information is stored in mammalian tissues by an autonomous network of transcriptional feedback loops that have evolved to optimally regulate tissue-specific functions. Currently, stable circadian rhythms of the expression of clock genes (, etc.), hormones, and metabolic genes (, etc.) have been demonstrated. Desynchronoses are disorders of the body's biorhythms, where the direction and degree of shift of various indicators of the oscillatory process are disturbed. Desynchronosis can be caused by natural conditions or man-made causes. The disruption of circadian rhythms is a risk factor for the appearance of physiological and behavioral disorders and the development of diseases, including epilepsy, and metabolic and oncological diseases. Evidence suggests that seizure activity in the epilepsy phenotype is associated with circadian dysfunction. Interactions between epilepsy and circadian rhythms may be mediated through melatonin, sleep-wake cycles, and clock genes. The correction of circadian dysfunction can lead to a decrease in seizure activity and vice versa. Currently, attempts are being made to pharmacologically correct desynchronosis and related psycho-emotional disorders, as well as combined somatic pathology. On the other hand, the normalization of the light regimen, the regulation of sleep-wake times, and phototherapy as additions to standard treatment can speed up the recovery of patients with various diseases.
昼夜节律信息通过转录反馈环的自主网络存储在哺乳动物组织中，这些反馈环已经进化到能够最佳地调节组织特异性功能。目前，已经证实了时钟基因（如 等）、激素和代谢基因（如 等）表达的稳定昼夜节律。失同步是身体生物节律的紊乱，其中振荡过程的各种指标的偏移方向和程度受到干扰。失同步可能由自然条件或人为原因引起。昼夜节律的破坏是生理和行为紊乱以及包括癫痫、代谢和肿瘤疾病在内的疾病发展的危险因素。有证据表明，癫痫表型中的癫痫发作活动与昼夜节律功能障碍有关。癫痫与昼夜节律之间的相互作用可能通过褪黑素、睡眠 - 觉醒周期和时钟基因介导。昼夜节律功能障碍的纠正可导致癫痫发作活动减少，反之亦然。目前，正在尝试通过药理学方法纠正失同步及相关的心理 - 情绪障碍以及合并的躯体病理学问题。另一方面，作为标准治疗的补充，调整光照方案、调节睡眠 - 觉醒时间和光疗可以加速各种疾病患者的康复。
