Unit of the History of Medicine, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome, 00185 Sapienza, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Aug 3;58(8):1044. doi: 10.3390/medicina58081044.
The increasingly swift changes in the field of medicine require a reassessment of the skills necessary for the training of technically qualified doctors. Today's physicians also need to be capable of managing the complex issue of personal relationships with patients. Recent pedagogical debates have focused on so-called "soft skills", whose acquisition is presented in literature as a quite recent addition to medical studies. Moreover, the historical investigation of deontological texts dating from the mid-nineteenth century back to the Hippocratic Oath shows that medicine has always discussed the need to integrate technical expertise in medicine with specific personal and relationship-based skills. Debates have often circled around whether these "soft skills" could actually be taught or how they could be successfully transmitted to training physicians. The belief that defining medicine is more complex than defining other similar sciences and that the instruments to be used in the relationship with patients cannot be limited to those provided by technical aspects shows a new awareness. Today, this view is often stated as an innovative realization on the part of doctors with regard to the complexity of training and action in a delicate area in which they are entrusted with the management of the balance of the system that is the human body.
医学领域的变化日新月异,这就要求我们重新评估培养合格医生所需的技能。如今,医生还需要具备处理与患者人际关系这一复杂问题的能力。最近的教学辩论集中在所谓的“软技能”上,文献中认为这些技能是医学研究中的新增内容。此外,对 19 世纪中叶到希波克拉底誓言的道德文本的历史研究表明,医学一直在讨论将医学专业知识与特定的个人和关系技能相结合的必要性。这些“软技能”是否可以实际教授,以及如何成功地传授给实习医生,一直是辩论的焦点。人们认为,定义医学比定义其他类似科学更为复杂,并且与患者建立关系的手段不能仅限于技术方面提供的手段,这表明人们的认识有了新的提高。如今,这种观点通常被认为是医生在培训和行动方面的复杂性方面的一种创新意识,在这个微妙的领域,他们负责管理人体系统的平衡。