Ku Ming-Hsiang, Tsao Lung-Chuan, Tsai Yu-Jin, Lin Zih-Jie, Wu Ming-Wei
Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Aug 9;15(16):5483. doi: 10.3390/ma15165483.
Powder metallurgy (PM) has been widely used to produce various steels in industry, mainly due to its capabilities for manufacturing nearly net-shaped products and mass production. To improve the performances of PM stainless steels, the roles of 0.6 wt% B additive in the microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistances of PM 304L austenitic, 410L ferritic, and 410 martensitic stainless steels were investigated. The results showed that adding 0.6 wt% B significantly improved the sintered densities of the three kinds of stainless steels due to the liquid phase sintering (LPS) phenomenon. The borides in 304L + 0.6B, 410L + 0.6B, and 410 + 0.6B were rich in B and Cr atoms but deficient in Fe, Ni, or C atoms, as analyzed by electron probe micro-analysis. Furthermore, the B additive contributed to the improved apparent hardness and corrosion resistance of PM stainless steels. In the 410L stainless steel, the 0.6 wt% B addition increased the corrosion voltage from -0.43 V to -0.24 V and reduced the corrosion current density from 2.27 × 10 A/cm to 1.93 × 10 A/cm. The effects of several factors, namely: porosity; the generation of boride; the matrix/boride interfacial areas; Cr depletion; and the microstructure on the corrosion performances are discussed. The findings clearly indicate that porosity plays a predominant role in the corrosion resistances of PM austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steels.
粉末冶金（PM）已在工业中广泛用于生产各种钢材，主要是因为它能够制造近净形产品并进行大规模生产。为了提高粉末冶金不锈钢的性能，研究了0.6 wt%硼添加剂在粉末冶金304L奥氏体、410L铁素体和410马氏体不锈钢的微观结构、力学性能和耐腐蚀性中的作用。结果表明，由于液相烧结（LPS）现象，添加0.6 wt%硼显著提高了这三种不锈钢的烧结密度。通过电子探针微分析可知，304L + 0.6B、410L + 0.6B和410 + 0.6B中的硼化物富含硼和铬原子，但铁、镍或碳原子含量不足。此外，硼添加剂有助于提高粉末冶金不锈钢的表观硬度和耐腐蚀性。在410L不锈钢中，添加0.6 wt%硼使腐蚀电位从-0.43 V提高到-0.24 V，并使腐蚀电流密度从2.27×10 A/cm降低到1.93×10 A/cm。讨论了几个因素的影响，即：孔隙率；硼化物的生成；基体/硼化物界面面积；铬的贫化；以及微观结构对腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果清楚地表明，孔隙率在粉末冶金奥氏体、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性中起主要作用。
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