Maksimova Yuliya, Bykova Yana, Maksimov Aleksandr
Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm 614081, Russia.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russia.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 11;10(8):1627. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081627.
Releasing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into ecosystems affects the biofilm formation and metabolic activity of bacteria in aquatic and soil environments. Pristine (pMWCNTs), oleophilic (oMWCNTs), hydrophilic (hMWCNTs), and carboxylated (cMWCNTs) carbon nanotubes were used to investigate their effects on bacterial biofilm. A pronounced probiofilm effect of modified MWCNTs was observed on the Gram-negative bacteria of C2, 11 h, and 2. None of the studied nanomaterials resulted in the complete inhibition of biofilm formation. The complete eradication of biofilms exposed to MWCNTs was not observed. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes was shown to change their probiofilm and antibiofilm effects. Gram-negative bacteria were the most susceptible to destruction, and among the modified MWCNTs, oMWCNTs had the greatest effect on biofilm destruction. The number of living cells in the biofilms was assessed by the reduction of XTT, and metabolic activity was assessed by the reduction of resazurin to fluorescent resorufin. The biofilms formed in the presence of MWCNTs reduced tetrozolium to formazan more actively than the control biofilms. When mature biofilms were exposed to MWCNTs, dehydrogenase activity decreased in 4-1, 11 h, and 2 in the presence of pMWCNTs and hMWCNTs, as well as in 11 h exposed to cMWCNTs. When mature biofilms were exposed to pMWCNTs, hMWCNTs, and cMWCNTs, the metabolism of cells decreased in most strains, and oMWCNTs did not have a pronounced inhibitory effect. The antibiofilm and probiofilm effects of MWCNTs were strain-dependent.
向生态系统中释放多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）会影响水生和土壤环境中细菌的生物膜形成及代谢活性。使用原始（pMWCNT）、亲油（oMWCNT）、亲水（hMWCNT）和羧基化（cMWCNT）碳纳米管来研究它们对细菌生物膜的影响。观察到改性MWCNT对C2、11 h和2的革兰氏阴性菌有明显的促进生物膜形成的作用。所研究的纳米材料均未导致生物膜形成完全受到抑制。未观察到MWCNT完全根除已形成的生物膜。结果表明，碳纳米管的功能化改变了它们的促进生物膜形成和抗生物膜的作用。革兰氏阴性菌最易受到破坏，在改性MWCNT中，oMWCNT对生物膜破坏的影响最大。通过XTT的还原评估生物膜中活细胞的数量，通过刃天青还原为荧光试卤灵评估代谢活性。在MWCNT存在下形成的生物膜比对照生物膜更积极地将四氮唑还原为甲臜。当成熟生物膜暴露于MWCNT时，在pMWCNT和hMWCNT存在的情况下，4-1、11 h和2的脱氢酶活性降低，在暴露于cMWCNT的11 h时也是如此。当成熟生物膜暴露于pMWCNT、hMWCNT和cMWCNT时，大多数菌株中细胞的代谢下降，而oMWCNT没有明显的抑制作用。MWCNT的抗生物膜和促进生物膜形成的作用具有菌株依赖性。
