Archaeological Museum in Biskupin, Biskupin 17, 88-410 Gąsawa, Poland.
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Molecules. 2022 Aug 16;27(16):5228. doi: 10.3390/molecules27165228.
Environmental conditions present in mines generally are very favourable to decay; high temperature, high humidity, variable oxygen content, numerous metal-wood connections and the presence of a high content of inorganic compounds typical of mines have a significant impact on the biotic and abiotic degradation factors. The state of conservation of wooden artefacts from the Złoty Stok (Poland) gold mine was investigated using a multi-analytical approach. The aim was to select the conservation treatments that would stop decay and improve the conditions and dimensional stability of the wood. FT-IR and Py-GC/MS were used to assess the state of preservation of lignocellulosic material. ED-XRF and SEM-EDS were used to determine-and XRD to identify crystalline phases-salts and minerals in the wood structure or efflorescence on the surface. Highly degraded lignocellulosic material that had undergone depolymerisation and oxidation was found to be severely contaminated by iron-based mineral substances, mainly pyrite, and in some cases greigite and magnetite. The presence of inorganic salts made it difficult to choose the best consolidating material to reduce the level of decay and improve the dimensional stability of the wood.
矿山中的环境条件通常非常有利于腐朽；高温、高湿度、氧气含量变化、众多金属-木材连接以及矿山中存在的大量无机化合物对生物和非生物降解因素有重大影响。采用多分析方法研究了来自波兰 Złoty Stok 金矿的木质文物的保存状况。目的是选择可以阻止腐朽并改善木材状况和尺寸稳定性的保护处理方法。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和热解气相色谱/质谱联用（Py-GC/MS）用于评估木质纤维素材料的保存状态。ED-XRF 和扫描电子显微镜/能谱（SEM-EDS）用于确定木材结构中的盐和矿物质或表面的结晶相，X 射线衍射（XRD）用于鉴定。经过解聚和氧化的高度降解木质纤维素材料被发现严重受到基于铁的矿物质的污染，主要是黄铁矿，在某些情况下还有磁黄铁矿和磁铁矿。无机盐的存在使得难以选择最佳的加固材料来降低腐朽程度并提高木材的尺寸稳定性。
