Liu Hechen, Sun Yu, Yu Yunfei, Zhang Mingjia, Li Le, Ma Long
Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Yonghua North Street No. 619, Baoding 071003, China.
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road No. 2, Beijing 102206, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Aug 17;14(16):3353. doi: 10.3390/polym14163353.
Basalt fiber (BF) has high mechanical strength, good insulation performance and low cost. It is suitable to be used as reinforcement material in the manufacture of electrical equipment. However, the large surface inertia of basalt fiber makes it difficult to combine with the matrix material, which seriously limits its service life and application scenarios. In addition, the serious vacancy in the research of insulation properties also limits its production and application in the electrical field. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of difficult bonding between basalt fiber and resin matrix and make up for the research blank of basalt fiber composites in insulation performance, this paper provides a basalt fiber modification method-SiO coating, and tests the insulation and mechanical properties of the modified composite. We used nano-SiO coating solution to modify basalt fiber, and manufactured BF/resin composite (BFRP) by hand lay-up and hot-pressing technology, and experimentally analyzed the influence of nano-SiO content on the mechanical and insulation properties of the modified composite. Fourier transform infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope analysis showed that nano-SiO was successfully coated on basalt fibers. Through the microdroplet debonding test, it was found that the IFSS of fiber/resin was improved by 35.15%, 72.97 and 18.9%, respectively, after the modification of the coating solution with SiO concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, showing better interface properties; the single fiber tensile test found that the tensile strength of the modified fiber increased slightly. Among all composites, 1 wt% SiO coating modified composites showed the best comprehensive properties. The surface flashover voltage and breakdown field strength reached 13.12 kV and 33 kV/mm, respectively, which were 34.6% and 83% higher than unmodified composite. The dielectric loss is reduced to 1.43%, which is 33.8% lower than the dielectric loss (2.16%) of the untreated composite, showing better insulation ability; the tensile strength, bending strength and interlaminar shear strength were increased to 618.22 MPa, 834.74 MPa and 16.29 MPa, respectively, which were increased by 53%, 42.4% and 59.7%, compared with untreated composites. DMA and glass transition temperature showed that the modified composite had better heat resistance. TGA experiments showed that the resin content of the modified composite increased, and the internal structure of the composite became denser.
玄武岩纤维（BF）具有较高的机械强度、良好的绝缘性能和较低的成本，适合用作电气设备制造中的增强材料。然而，玄武岩纤维较大的表面惰性使其难以与基体材料结合，这严重限制了其使用寿命和应用场景。此外，绝缘性能研究方面的严重空白也限制了其在电气领域的生产和应用。因此，为了解决玄武岩纤维与树脂基体之间的粘结难题，并填补玄武岩纤维复合材料在绝缘性能方面的研究空白，本文提供了一种玄武岩纤维改性方法——SiO涂层，并测试了改性复合材料的绝缘和力学性能。我们使用纳米SiO涂层溶液对玄武岩纤维进行改性，通过手糊和热压工艺制备了BF/树脂复合材料（BFRP），并通过实验分析了纳米SiO含量对改性复合材料力学性能和绝缘性能的影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析表明，纳米SiO成功包覆在玄武岩纤维上。通过微滴脱粘试验发现，用浓度为0.5%、1%和1.5%的SiO涂层溶液改性后，纤维/树脂的界面剪切强度分别提高了35.15%、72.97%和18.9%，显示出较好的界面性能；单纤维拉伸试验发现，改性纤维的拉伸强度略有提高。在所有复合材料中，1wt% SiO涂层改性复合材料表现出最佳的综合性能。其表面闪络电压和击穿场强分别达到13.12 kV和33 kV/mm，比未改性复合材料分别高出34.6%和83%。介电损耗降低至1.43%，比未处理复合材料的介电损耗（2.16%）低33.8%，显示出较好的绝缘能力；拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别提高到618.22 MPa、834.74 MPa和16.29 MPa，与未处理复合材料相比分别提高了53%、42.4%和59.7%。动态热机械分析和玻璃化转变温度表明，改性复合材料具有更好的耐热性。热重分析实验表明，改性复合材料的树脂含量增加，复合材料的内部结构变得更致密。
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