Meskhi Besarion, Beskopylny Alexey N, Stel'makh Sergey A, Shcherban' Evgenii M, Mailyan Levon R, Beskopylny Nikita, Chernil'nik Andrei, El'shaeva Diana
Department of Life Safety and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Life Safety and Environmental Engineering, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Sq. 1, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Department of Transport Systems, Faculty of Roads and Transport Systems, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Sq. 1, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Oct 18;14(20):4401. doi: 10.3390/polym14204401.
Some of the primary problems of construction are brittleness and low the mechanical properties of good thermal insulation materials. Heat-insulating foam concrete has a low thermal conductivity. However, it is practically impossible to transport it over long distances since corners are cracked during transportation, the structure is broken, and, in principle, the fragility of this material is a big problem for modern buildings. The purpose of this study was to develop a heat-insulating foam concrete with improved characteristics by experimentally selecting the optimal dosage of polypropylene fiber and a nanomodifying microsilica additive. Standard methods for determining the characteristics of fiber foam concrete were used as well as the method of optical microscopy to study the structure of the composite. It has been established that the use of polypropylene fiber with the optimal reinforcement range from 1% to 3% allows us to achieve an improvement in the mechanical and physical characteristics of fiber foam concrete. The optimal dosage of the nanomodifier introduced instead of a part of the binder (10%) and polypropylene fiber (2%) by weight of the binder was determined. The maximum values of increments in mechanical characteristics were 44% for compressive strength and 73% for tensile strength in bending. The values of the thermal conductivity coefficient at optimal dosages of the nanomodifier and fiber decreased by 9%. The absence of microcracking at the phase boundary between the polypropylene fiber and the hardened cement-sand matrix due to nanomodification was noted.
建筑方面的一些主要问题是脆性以及优质保温材料的机械性能较低。隔热泡沫混凝土具有低导热性。然而，由于在运输过程中边角会开裂、结构被破坏，实际上不可能长距离运输它，并且原则上这种材料的易碎性对于现代建筑来说是个大问题。本研究的目的是通过实验选择聚丙烯纤维和纳米改性微硅粉添加剂的最佳用量，来开发一种具有改进特性的隔热泡沫混凝土。使用了测定纤维泡沫混凝土特性的标准方法以及光学显微镜法来研究复合材料的结构。已确定使用增强范围为1%至3%的最佳聚丙烯纤维用量能够改善纤维泡沫混凝土的机械和物理特性。确定了替代部分粘结剂（10%）和聚丙烯纤维（2%，基于粘结剂重量）引入的纳米改性剂的最佳用量。机械特性增量的最大值为抗压强度提高44%，抗弯抗拉强度提高73%。纳米改性剂和纤维最佳用量下的导热系数值降低了9%。注意到由于纳米改性，聚丙烯纤维与硬化水泥砂基体之间的相界面处不存在微裂纹。
